Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume III.djvu/376

 370 BRUTUS funeral was decreed, the women wore mourning for a year, and according to Plutarch a brazen statue with a drawn sword in the hand was raised to his memory. The inconsistencies and improbabilities of the story as related by Livy have been pointed out by Niebuhr. BRIITUS, Marcus .hinins one of the assassins of Csesar, born in 85 B. 0., died in 42. His father, Marcus Junius Brutus, having been put to death by order of Pompey, he was adopted by his maternal uncle Quintus Servilius Oeepio, and carefully educated. He married a daugh- ter of Appius Claudius, and was for some time with his father-in-law in Oilicia, where he made a fortune by loaning money at usury. In the civil war he joined Pompey, but was treated with great consideration by Cassar after the battle of Pharsalia and made governor of Cis- alpine Gaul. After his return to Rome he was divorced from Claudia, in order that he might marry Portia, daughter of Cato. In 44 B. C. he was persuaded by Caius Cassius to join in the conspiracy against Cfflsar, and took part in his assassination, although the dictator had made him prater of the city, and promised him the province of Macedonia and the consulship. Finding that he could not appease the people, he fled to Athens and afterward to Macedonia and Asia Minor, where he assumed the title of imperator, and gathered forces to oppose the triumvirate. With Cassius he met Antony and Octavius at Philippi, and being ultimately de- feated in battle threw himself on his sword and died. Cassius had shortly before put an end to his life, and Portia too, on hearing the news, voluntarily terminated hers. Brutus was a zealous student, and stood well among the literary men of his day, though none of his orations and philosophical treatises and few of his letters have been preserved. IIKI V As, Jacques, a French Jesuit missionary, born in 1637, died at Sault St. Louis, Canada, June 15, 1712. He arrived in Canada in August, 1666, and was almost immediately employed in the Iroquois missions, which he contributed more perhaps than any other to found. He studied the Mohawk language thoroughly, and wrote several works on it. His Radices Ver- lorum Iroquaorum, or " Radical Words of the Mohawk Language," was published at New York, in 1862. ISKl'X, a town of Bohemia, capital of a dis- trict of the same name, on the Bila, 45 m. N. W. of Prague ; pop. in 1869, 6,308. The town has a gymnasium which is conducted by the Piarists, a military educational institution, and many manufactories. In 1421 a battle took place here between the Saxons and the Hussites. BRin^RE, Jean de la. See LA BBUYtaffi. BRCYN, Cornells de, a Dutch traveller and painter, born at the Hague in 1652, died in Utrecht at an advanced age. He visited Rome in 1674, and for several years devoted himself to painting in different cities of Italy. After travelling through Asia Minor, Egypt, and the JSgean isles, he again resumed the practice of BRYAN his art at Venice, and after his return to Holland published his "Travels in the Levant" with 200 illustrations (Delft, 1698). From 1701 to 1708 he was travelling in Russia, Persia, India, and the islands of the Indian ocean, and on his return published a narrative of the journey em- bellished with 300 engravings. HUMS, or Brnis, Peter de, a priest of south- ern France, the founder of a sect called from him the Petrobrussians, burnt at St. Gilles (according to Neander) in 1120. He is sup- posed to have been a pupil of Abelard ; but nothing is known of his life prior to the time when he began his vehement opposition to the church. His chief aim was to restore the Christian religion to its earliest simplicity, and to free its observances from all symbolism. He denied the authority of an established hierarchy, and the necessity of priestly ministration ; op- posed the baptism of infants; held that the communion was not a sacrament, and was unne- cessary ; and that churches or places of worship were useless, since prayer could be offered everywhere. He rejected the doctrines of the celibacy of the clergy, of the value of masses and prayers for the dead, and of purgatory. He gained a considerable body of followers in southern France, who partook of his own fa- naticism, and whom he did not restrain from violence ; they destroyed images in the church- es, burned the crosses, and ill-treated priests and worshippers. In spite of the boldness of these acts, his preaching is said to have continued twenty years ; but he was at last seized at St. Gilles and condemned to the stake. His fol- lowers long maintained his doctrines in south- eastern France and Switzerland, under the leadership of Henry of Lausanne, from whom the sect derived their later name of Henricians. BRY, Tbeodoric, or Dirk, an engraver and print and book publisher, born at Liege in 1528, died at Frankfort-on-the-Main in 1598. He appears to have received his first instruc- tion in engraving in his native city, where he also first established himself in business ; but about 1570 he changed his residence to Frankfort, and there largely increased his publishing establishment. Assisted by his sons John Theodore and John Israel, both of whom, instructed by their father, had gained reputa- tions nearly equal to his own, he prepared the plates for many of his own publications, as well as for others appearing in different parts of Germany and even in London. Among his best known works are the plates to " The brief, true Report of the New-found Land of Virginia," by Thomas Hariot, "sergeant to Sir Walter Raleigh " (Frankfort, 1596); twelve plates illustrating the procession of knights of the garter ; a design for a saucer, representing Pride and Folly ; and similar designs for dishes. BRYAN, an E. county of Georgia, bordering on the Atlantic ; area, 472 sq. m ; pop. in 1870, 5,252, of whom 3,605 were colored. The Ogee- che river touches its N. E. boundary, and the Cannouchee flows through it from W. to E.