Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume III.djvu/365

 BRttNINGS BRUNNEN 359 lish in William Walter's " Amorous History of Guystarde and Sigismonde, and of thyr dolor- ous Deth " (London, 1532). Itu'l'MM.S. I. Christian, a Dutch engineer, born at Neckarau, Germany, Nov. 8, 1736, died in Holland, May 16, 1805. He was col- lector of river tolls, and became in 1769 chief inspector of hydraulic works under the Nether- lands government. He improved the dikes and the drainage of the lake of Haarlem, took a prominent part in preventing inundations and in improving the bed of the Rhine and other rivers, and published valuable reports relating to those enterprises. The Dutch re- public proposed to erect a monument to him in the cathedral at Haarlem, and awarded a gold medal to the author of the best essay on his services. II. Another Dutch engineer, of the same name and family, died in Leyden, March 23, 1826. He was author of a Dissertation imr Vangle le plus avantageux des portes d'une ecluse (1797). III. Conrad Louis, likewise a Dutch engineer, born at Heidelberg in 1775, died in Nimeguen in 1816. He was employed by the Dutch government as inspector of hydraulic works, was a member of the institute, and author of various writings on hydraulic en- gineering and kindred subjects. BRCWI (Czech, Brno, a ford), a city of Mo- ravia, Austria, situated on a declivity at the confluence of the Schwarza and the Zwittawa, 70 m. N. of Vienna, and 116 m. S. E. of Prague; pop. in 1870, 73,464. Fortifications separate the city from the suburbs, of which there were 20 in 1871. It was formerly de- fended by the castle of Spielberg, which stands on a high hill just back of the town. Since the demolition of the defences by the French in 1809, the castle has been converted into a state prison, in which, were confined Silvio Pellico and other political offenders. The most notable buildings are the cathedral of St. Peter ; the church of St. James, with a spire about 300 ft. high, built between 1314 and 1480; the Landhaus, formerly an Augustinian con- vent ; the barracks, once a Jesuit college ; the Protestant church, built in 1867 ; the Hebrew temple ; the palaces of Prince Dietrichstein and Prince Kaunitz, and the bishop's palace. A public park, the Auyarten, was opened by Joseph II., and in the public gardens of the Franzenburg quarter are a monument to the emperor Francis I., and an obelisk commemo- rating the peace of 1815. The Zderad monu- ment one of the most ancient of Moravia stands outside of the town. Briinn is a bishop's see, and the seat of the principal law and mili- tary courts for Moravia. There are two gym- nasia, one German, the other Czech, a theo- logical faculty, a technical academy, a normal school, a museum, a public library, botanical gardens, and institutions for the blind and for the deaf and dumb. In 1871 there were 23 literary and scientific societies, and 17. journals and periodicals. The city has repeatedly been destroyed by fire, and in 1558 the plague car- ried off 4,000 of the inhabitants, to whose memory a column has been raised in the great square. The principal industry is the manu- facture of wool, the most extensive establish- ment employing 160,000 spindles. Woollens are exported to Italy, Germany, and the United States, over 700 firms being engaged in this trade, and nearly 200 steam engines with over 4,000 horse power and an annual amount of 2,000,000 cwt. of coals are employed in it. Machinery and various other articles are also manufactured here. HIM. Heinrlch, a German archaeologist, born at Worlitz, Anhalt, Jan. 23, 1822. He graduated in Rome in 1843, and after extensive explorations in Italy he succeeded Emil Braun in 1856 as secretary of the archaeological insti- tute in Rome. Since 1865 he has been profes- sor of archaeology and director of the collection of coins in Munich, and since 1867 director of the collection of vases. His works include Gegehichte Her griechischen Kunntler (2 vols., Stuttgart, 1853-'9), and I rilievi delle urne etrusche (Rome, 1870). BRinVNEJf, a village of Switzerland, in the canton and 3 m. S. W. of Schwytz, near the