Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume III.djvu/26

 20 BOLSENA BOMBAY BOLSENA (ane. Vohinii), a town of Italy, on a lake of the same name, in the province and 56 m. N. N. W. of Rome; pop. about 2,100. Volsinii, originally built on a height in the neighborhood, was one of the most power- ful Etruscan cities. It was frequently at war with the Romans, who finally took it in 280 B. 0., razed it, and built a new town on the pres- ent site of Bolsena, retaining the name. Of the Etruscan town there is no vestige, and even its site is uncertain ; but the remains of the Roman one are numerous, including portions of tem- ples and of an amphitheatre, and numerous sepulchres and tumuli, in which many Etrus- can vases, statues, &c., have been found. The BolseDO. lake of Bolsena, which is supposed to fill an an- cient crater, exhales a deadly malaria during the summer season. It is about 9 m. long, 7 m. broad, and 285 ft. deep, and is famous for its eels. The shores are formed by finely wooded hills, presenting much beautiful scene- ry ; it has two small islands, called Martana and Bisentina, and it discharges by the Marta river, flowing into the Mediterranean. BOLSWEKT, or Bolsward, Boetlus Adam, a Dutch engraver, born at Bolsward in Friesland in 1580, died in 1634. He executed many valua- ble engravings after designs of Bloemaert and Rubens. His younger brother, SCHELTIUS, rose to higher fame in the same art, especially dis- tinguishing himself by his prints after some of the best works of Rubens and Vandyke. Both brothers practised their art at Antwerp. BOLTON, or Bolton-le-Moors, a manufacturing town and borough of Lancashire, England, 11 m. N. W. of Manchester ; pop. in 1871, 82,854. The Croal, a tributary of the Irwell, divides the place into Great and Little Bolton. The manu- facture of woollens was introduced here by the Flemings in 1337, but the inventions of Ark- wright and Crompton, both natives of the place, laid the foundation of its present prosperity. It is now one of the principal seats of the cot- ton manufacture in England. The bleach and dye works here are among the largest in the kingdom, and it has also print works, exten- sive founderies, steam engine and machine works, paper, flax, and saw mills. Numerous coal pits are worked in the vicinity. The town is well supplied with water, and is connected by canal and railway with Manchester and Bury, and by railway with Liverpool, Preston, Leigh, and Blackburn. It sends two members to parliament. BOLZANO, Bernbard, a German philosopher and Roman Catholic theologian, born in Prague, Oct. 5, 1781, died there, Dec. 18, 1848. He was professor of divin- ity in the high school of Prague from 1805 to 1820, and, support- ed by the archbishop of Prague, withstood the opposition of the ultramontanes, who re- garded him as a fol- lower of Schelling. In 1820 he was suspend- ed, and hampered in his literary activity and social intercourse. His high character, piety, and benevolence se- cured for him a host of friends, and he lived for many years on the estate of one of them near Prague, and after- ward in that city with the assistance of Count Leo von Thnn. His Lehrbuch der Religiom- wissenschaft (6 vols., Sulzbach, 1834) ; Wis- senschaftslehre, oder Versuch einer neuen Dar- stellung der Logik (4 vols., 1837); and Atha- nasia, oder Grundefur die Umterblichlceit der Seele (2d revised ed., 1838). BOMARSUND, a narrow channel between the island of Aland and Vardo, at the entrance of the gulf of Bothnia. This channel was former- ly commanded by the strong Russian fortifica- tions on the S. E. extremity of Aland, which were destroyed by the allied fleets in 1854. BOMBAY. 1. A province (formerly presi- dency) and one of the ten great governmental divisions of British India, bordering on the Arabian sea, and lying between lat. 14 and 29 N., and Ion. 66 and 77 E. It comprises a strip of territory about 900 m. in length, ex- tending from the northern limit of Sinde to the kingdom of Mysore on the south, along more than two thirds of the W. coast of Hindostan. Its greatest breadth is 250 m. According to the British parliamentary accounts for 1870, the area is 87,000 sq. m., and the population in 1871 was 13,983,998. The province contains 22 districts, apportioned among throe commission- erships, Sinde in the north, and the northern principal works are :