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 BKEDERODE BREE 243 Cardinal Granvelle ; and in 1565, at a banquet given to Egmont, he grossly insulted the arch- bishop of Oarabray, who was one of the guests. Brederode, Charles de' Mansfeld, and Louis of Nassau were the first three signers of the original protest (" the compromise of Breda "), made early in 1566, against the inquisition. He was chosen as bearer of the memorable petition addressed by the states general to the regent, Margaret of Parma, in which capacity he made his entry into Brussels April 3. On the 8th he gave a banquet, at which the healths of himself and of Egmont and the prince of Orange were drunk. Berlaymont, the state councillor, had told the duchess of Parma that the signers of the petition were a parcel of beggars. This was reported at the banquet, whereupon Brederode exclaimed, " They call ns beggars ! let us accept the name. We will contend with the inquisition, but remain loyal to the king, even if compelled to wear the beggar's sack ! " He then hung a leathern wallet, the badge of a mendicant, around his neck, and gave the toast, Vivent leg gueux "Long live the beggars! " which became the war cry of the Dutch uprising. During the autumn and winter of 1566 Brederode excited disturbances nearValenciennesin order to make a diversion in favor of that city, which was then besieged. In January, 1567, he establish- ed his headquarters at Vianen, where he had seigneurial rights. He strengthened its fortifi- cations, removed all statues and emblems from the Roman Catholic churches, and assembled turbulent bands, keeping the Spanish author- ities in perpetual apprehension. Early in February he visited the prince of Orange at Breda, in order to inform him of the new pe- tition which he had prepared for presentation to the duchess of Parma. The duchess de- clining to grant him letters of safe-conduct to Brussels, he forwarded the document to her from Antwerp. It claimed the exercise of the reformed religion as a right, and insisted upon the dismissal of the Spanish forces and the faithful fulfilment of the concessions of August, 1565. The regent ordering him to leave Antwerp, he accepted her threatening an- swer as a formal declaration of hostilities, and began to enlist troops in that city and its vicinity, apparently with a view of making an attempt upon the island of Walcheren. He anticipated the formal proclamation of the prince of Orange against these enlist- ments by removing the scene of his opera- tions to Holland, saying that he took the field to relieve Valenciennes, and dictate peace in Brussels. But he remained at Vianen and Amsterdam after the disastrous expedition of Marnix de Tholonse to Middelburg, which he had planned, but in which he had not assisted ; and in Amsterdam he disgusted even the re- formers by spending his time in singing the beg- gars' songs, without showing any capacity for serious enterprises. At length, in March, 1567, the regent demanded that Brederode should be expelled from Amsterdam ; whereupon he bul- lied her secretary, and denounced the duchess as a tyrant. But early in April, after hearing of the success of the Spaniards, he begged Eg- mont to intercede for him with the regent ; but as she would not accord him any terms, he set out for Emden in the night of April 25. He died before the lapse of a year, of disappoint- ment and intemperance. His followers dis- persed after his departure from the Netherlands, many of them being captured and put to death. His daughter recovered his estates after the res- toration of peace ; but as she left no issue, they Eassed into the hands of a junior branch of the imily, which became extinct in 1679, when they passed to the counts van der Lippe, who in 1727 sold the principal domain of Vianen to the states general. Mr. Motley charges Brede- rode with having disgraced his party by his buf- foonery, and with having done nothing for the cause of freedom. M. 0. van Hall, however, had previously written in his defence, Hendrik Oraaf van Brederode verdedigd (1845) ; and P. Scheltema published Hendrik van Brederode te Amsterdam in 1567 (1847). BREDOW, Gabriel Gottfried, a German his- torian, born in Berlin, Dec. 14, 1773, died in Breslau, Sept. 5, 1814. He was a graduate of Halle, forsook theology to devote himself to the study of the geography and ; stronomy of the ancients, on which he publi hed several works, and was professor in different institu- tions, and finally in the university of Breslau. His historical works met with remarkable suc- cess, especially the Merkwurdige Begebenhei- ten ant* der allgemeinen Weltgeschichte, and the Umstandliche Erzahlung der merkwiirdig- sten Begebenheiten aut der allgemeinen Welt- geschichte ; the former passed, between 1804 and 1852, through 26 editions, and the latter through 13. BREE. I. Mathirn Ignac Yn, a Belgian paint- er, born in Antwerp, Feb. 22, 1773, died there, Dec. 15, 1839. He was a pupil of Schaeken in Antwerp, and of Vincent in Paris, and became early distinguished by his rapid execution of large historical pictures. His most celebrated painting, representing the famine of Leyden in 1576, is in the town hall of that city. His "Johanna Sebus" was presented in 1858 to the Prussian town of Oleves, and his " Rubens " is in the possession of the grand duke of Saxe- Weimar. His portraits are also admired. He excelled as a lithographer and sculptor, and was director of the academy of fine arts at Antwerp. II. Philippe Jaqaes van, brother and pupil of the preceding, born in Antwerp in 1786, died there in 1840. He completed his studies in Paris and Rome, and produced many historical and other paintings, including " Ori- ental Travellers," "A Spanish Nun," "Atala," "Queen Blanche with her Child, the future St. Louis," "Maria de' Medici and Louis XIII. in the presence of Rubens," "Mary Stuart on the Eve of Execution," "Petrarch surprised by Laura," and "The Abdication of Charles