Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume III.djvu/213

 BRAMBANAN tile cloister of. the convent della Pace obtained him the patronage of Pope Alexander VI., for whom he executed the Cancellaria, or palace of the chancery. Julius II. afterward employ- ed him to draw plans for the Belvedere. He also huilt the oratory or temple in the cloister of San Pietro in Montorio. He was the author of the original design of St. Peter's, and had completed the four great piers that support the dome when lie died. His plan was not adher- ed to by Michel Angelo, who completed the edifice. Brainante was the uncle of Raphael. I!KA.'IBAA, a small native town of Java, in the sultanate of Jokjokarta, and about 10 m. BRAMBLE 207 The Great Temple at Brambanan. distant from the capital of that state. The name signifies "abode of Brahma;" and in its immediate vicinity are the remains of sev- eral magnificent temples, which were evidently devoted to the worship of that god. Eight of them are in a fine state of preservation. Sir Stamford Raffles, in his history of Java, gives a full account of these edifices, and fine illustra- tions of them, in a restored condition, are to be found in the plates accompanying the London edition of 1830 of his work. BRAMBLE, the wild bush that bears rasp- berries and blackberries, belonging to the natu- ral order rosacece, and constituting the genus ruling. The essential characters of the genus are : calyx 5-parted, without bractlets ; petals 5, deciduous ; achenia usually many, collected on a spongy or succulent receptacle, becoming small drupes. Nearly 200 species of this ge- nus have been described. They are perennial lierbs, or somewhat shrubby plants, with white (rarely reddish) flowers, and edible fruit ; and they are universally diffused over the moun- tainous and temperate regions of the old and new world. Among the European species are the K. fruticosut, or common blackberry, hav- ing digitate leaves, with from 3 to 5 leaflets, white panicled flowers, and black or purple I 117 VOL. in. 14 fruit, common throughout Europe in hedges and thickets; the R. cmsius, or dewberry, a rougher and more prickly species than the preceding, with trailing stem, found in Europe and in N. E. Asia; the R. arcticus, a dwarf species, found La mountainous and northern regions, each stem producing a single highly esteemed fruit; and the JR. idceus, or common rasp- berry, having minute leaves, with from 3 to 7 leaflets, villose, with upright and bristly stems, drooping flowers, and a light-red finely flavored fruit, common from the Himalayas to Ireland. Among the American species are the R. strigo- sus, or wild raspberry, closely resembling the last, but having longer petals, common on thick- ets and hills, especially throughout the north- ern states; the If. oc- cidental^ black rasp- berry, or thimbleberry, glaucous, with recurved sterns, armed with hook- '<! prickles, with um- belh.to flowers and a pui'i ile-black fruit, found in thickets and fields from Canada to the West In- dies ; the R. odoratus, a sweet-scented raspber- ry, with fragrant foliage, large purple flowers, and a shrubby stem, found on rocky banks north- ward from the Allegha- nies ; the R. villosus, or high blackberry, shrubby, armed with stout prick- ies, having 3 or 5 ovate, unequally serrate leaflets, numerous racemed flowers, and a blackish fruit, common in the borders of Dewberry (Rubtis Cfesius). thickets, and varying much in size and aspect ; the R. Canadensis, low blackberry, or dew- berry, shrubby, trailing, prickly, common on