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 BOYLE 173 tration, but afterward he became arbitrary and reckless. Intimidated in 1825 by the appear- ance of a French squadron, he submitted to the claims of France, who demanded a monop- oly of the trade and a componsation of 150,000,- 000 francs for the confiscated estates of the white planters. The Haytians, oppressed by the debt he had foolishly brought upon them, rose in rebellion against him in 1842. He fled to Jamaica, and after the outbreak of the French revolution of Feb. 24, 1848, went to Paris, where he died. BOYLE, a central county of Kentucky, bound- ed N. E. by Dick's river, a branch of the Ken- tucky; area, 180 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 9,515, of whom 3,679 were colored. The Lebanon branch of the Louisville and Nashville rail- road passes through it. Danville is con- nected with Lexington by the Kentucky Cen- tral railroad. The surface is diversified, and the soil deep and rich, underlaid by extensive beds of limestone. The chief productions in 1870 were 99,316 bushels of wheat, 14,789 of rye, 272,505 of Indian corn, 58,115 of oats, and 14,481 gallons of wine. There were 23,035 horses, 1,496 milch cows, 4,358 other cattle, 3,811 sheep, and 12,663 swine. Capital, Dan- ville. BOYLE, a town, parish, and barony of Ire- land, in the county of Roscommon, 108 m. N. W. of Dublin ; pop. of the town about 4,000. The river Boyle divides it into a new town, which is well built and has a handsome ses- sions house, and an old town, with the re- mains of Boyle abbey and other ancient build- ings. The old manor house of the King family is used for barracks. The Irish " Annals of Boyle," extending from 420 to 1245, have been published in English and Latin. BOYLE. I. Biehard, earl of Cork, an English politician, born at Canterbury, Oct. 3, 1566, died Sept. 15, 1643. He was born a com- moner, and became clerk to Sir R. Manwood, chief baron of the court of exchequer. Not seeing any prospect of advancement, he went to Ireland, where he married a lady who died and left him a landed estate worth about 500 a year. His abilities, and the growth of his possessions, raised him up a host of enemies and detractors ; and the rebellion of Munster reduced him to poverty. He returned to Eng- land, and visiting Ireland again in the suite of the earl of Essex, his presence renewed the malice of his detractors, who having brought formal charges against him, he pleaded his cause with such force before Elizabeth in per- son that the queen took him into favor. He was made clerk of the council of Munster, and bought considerable estates, which he colo- nized with Protestant tenants, and managed so well as to call forth a remark from Cromwell, that had there been an earl of Cork in each county there had been no rebellion. In 1616 he was created Baron Boyle of Youghal, in 1620 earl of Cork, and in 1631 lord high treas- urer of Ireland, which office was made hered- itary in his family. His " True Remembrancer of his Life " is included in Dr. Birch's " Life of Robert Boyle" (London, 1766). II. Boger, third son of the preceding, born in Ireland, April 26, 1621, died Oct. 16, 1679. He was known as Lord Broghill during the protector- ate, and earl of Orrery in the reign of Charles II. He was won to the cause of the common- wealth in Ireland by Cromwell, at a period when he was known to be engaged in favoring the return of Charles II., and was of material assistance in reducing Ireland to subjection. After the protector's death he was one of Richard Cromwell's privy council, but favored the restoration of Charles II. He wrote a ro- mance, " Parthenissa " (3 vols., 1665), and many tragedies, comedies, and poems, besides " State Letters," published in 1742. III. Robert, 5th son and 14th child of the first earl of Cork, born at Lismore castle, Ireland, Jan. 25, 1626, died in London, Dec. 30, 1691. At Eton, whither he was sent at nine years of age, he showed irregular application and development, and after four years was placed under the care of private tutors. With M. Marcombes, a French- man, he travelled on the continent. He re- turned to England in 1644, his father having meanwhile died, and left him property in Ire- land and the Stalbridge estate, where he chiefly resided from 1646 to 1650, occupied in study, especially of chemistry. At this time ho was one of a society of learned men, called by him the "Invisible College," out of which ul- timately grew the royal society. In 1652' he went to Ireland on private business. After his return he resided at Oxford for the most part, using its advantages for study, and associating with men of science in their investigations, till 1668, when he settled in London, at the residence of his elder sister, Lady Ranelagh. He has been called the inventor of the air pump, which was perfected for him in 1658 or 1659 by Robert Hooker, then his chemical assistant, and by it Boyle demonstrated the elasticity of the air. He also associated and corresponded with eminent oriental and Bibli- cal scholars. On the restoration Boyle was favorably received at court, and urged to enter the church ; but he thought he could serve re- ligion better as a layman, and published in 1660 " Some Motives and Incentives to the Love of God," which was several times reprinted and translated into Latin. In 1662 a grant was made him of a lease of forfeited impropria- tions in certain parishes in Ireland, but he re- linquished all private benefit, and appropriated two thirds of the net proceeds to the wants of the parishes, and printed the church catechism and the New Testament in Irish at his own ex- pense. The other third he gave to the society for propagating the gospel in New England, of which he was afterward made governor. In 1663 he was one of the first council of the newly incorporated royal society. He became a director of the East India company, helping to procure its charter. In 1 676 he wrote a letter