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 BOURBON BOURDALOUE 157 the French invasion, and was succeeded by his son Francis I., 1825-1830, the father of Ferdi- nand II., who in 1859 was succeeded by his son Francis II., whose possessions were in the following year conquered by Victor Emanuel. His eldest son is Prince Louis, count of Trani, born in 1838. 4. Parma. The infante Don Carlos, before becoming king of Naples, had been for a time duke of Parma and Piacenza. In 1748, by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, his younger brother Philip, son-in-law of Louis XV., was invested with the duchy of Parma, which he transmitted to his son Ferdinand, whose heir was Louis I. The last named in 1801 exchanged his duchy for Tuscany, which had been erected into a kingdom under the namS of Etruria. His son Charles II. succeeded him in 1803, under the guardianship of his mother, Maria Louisa, daughter of Charles IV. of Spain. In 1807 the same princess, on the promise by Napoleon of another kingdom in Portugal, con- sented to a resignation for herself and son ; but the promise was never fulfilled, and they had to be contented in 1815 with the hereditary duchy of Lucca. In 1847 Charles II. was again put in possession of the duchy of Parma by the death of the empress Maria Louisa, to whom it had been given by the congress of Vienna. In 1849 he abdicated in favor of his son Charles III., who had in 1847 married a French princess, Louise Marie Therese, daugh- ter of the duke of Berry. On the assassina- tion of Charles III. in 1854, his son Robert I. was proclaimed duke, under the regency of his mother, who died in 1864, after the annexa- tion of Parma in 1859-'60 to the dominions of Victor Emanuel. Among the houses derived from the royal Bourbon family of France, the most important are those of Conde and Conti. BOURBON, Loots Henri, duke of, the great- grandson of the great Conde, born at Versailles in 1692, died at Chantilly, Jan. 27, 1740. After the death of Louis XIV. he was a member of the board of regency, and on the death of the regent, Philip of Orleans, he was appointed prime minister. He obtained large sums from the public treasury, was involved in the schemes of Law, and increased his fortune by various questionable transactions. He allowed his mistress, the marquise de Prie, to control polit- ical affairs, and incurred so much odium by imposing onerous taxes that Cardinal Floury prevailed upon Louis XV. to exile him in 1726 to Chantilly. BOURBON, l.mii- Henri Joseph, duke of, prince of Cond6, grandson of the preceding, born Aug. 13, 1756, died Aug. 27, 1830. In his youth he fought a duel with the count d'Artois, after- ward Charles X. In 1782, in the war between the English and French, he was wounded at the siege of Gibraltar. He was among the first to emigrate, served in the army of Conde, and on his return to France after the restoration recovered most of his hereditary fortune. His mistress, the baroness de Feucheres, as he had no offspring, induced him to settle his fortune upon the young duke d'Aumale, son of Louis Phillipe. On the outbreak of the revolution of 1830 he proposed to cancel his will, and to give all his fortune to Charles X. ; but he was found strangled the next month, under circumstances which led to a legal investigation. No light was cast upon the matter, and it was judicially admitted that he had committed suicide. He was the last duke of Bourbon. BOURBON-LANCT, a watering place of France, in the department of Sa&ne-et- Loire, 20 m. N. W. of Charolles; pop. in 1866, 3,222. Its mineral springs, which are employed in nervous affections and rheumatism, were known to the Romans under the name of Aquce Nisineii. A fine hospital was established here by the mar- quis d'Aligre. BOURBON-L'ARCHAMBAULT, a town of France, in the department of Allier, 15 m. W. N. W. of Moulins; pop. in 1866, 3,466. It is celebrated for its mineral springs and baths, said to be of great efficacy in cases of paralysis, rheumatism, and gun-shot wounds. It contains vestiges of the ancient castle of the Bourbon family, and was the capital of Bourbonnais. BOURBONNAIS, a former province of central France, between the rivers Loire and Cher, now included chiefly in the department of Al- lier. It belonged for centuries to the ducal house of Bourbon, and was confiscated in 1523 by Francis I., and united to the French crown in 1531. Its ancient inhabitants were the ^Edui and the Bituriges Cubi. BOURBONNE-LES-BAINS (anc. Agues Borvonis), a town of France, in the department of Haute- Marne, 21 m. E. N. E. of Langres ; pop. in 1866, 4,053. It has hot mineral springs, which were resorted to by the Romans. The tem- perature varies from 120 to 150 F. the water is principally employed in cases of paral- ysis and rheumatism, spasms, and ill-reduced fractures. There is a military hospital here. BOURBON-VENDEE. See NAPOI^ON-VEND^E. BOURDALOUE, Lonls, a French prelate and orator, born at Bourges, Aug. 20, 1632, died in Paris, May 13, 1704. At an early age he en- tered the society of Jesus, and became profes- sor of rhetoric, philosophy, and moral theology in their college at Bourges, displaying remark- able capacity for oral instruction, as well as great energy of character. He first preached in provincial churches, and in 1669 was sent to Paris, where he became very popular. Louis XIV. on many occasions invited him to preach at Versailles. He reformed in a measure the somewhat theatrical pulpit oratory of his day, and restored it to greater simplicity, directness, and sincerity. For 20 years he continued a favorite preacher. Louis XIV. sent him to Languedoc to reconcile the Protestants to the repeal of the edict of Nantes. In the latter part of his life he chiefly devoted himself to charitable labors. His sermons, often publish- ed during his lifetime, and translated into many foreign languages, are remarkable for their