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 BOURBON 155 of October, and was reported to have been sent by Bazaine on a mission to the ex-empresa Eugenie at Chiselhurst. The provisional au- thorities at Tours next placed him in com- mand of the first army of the north at Lille ; but while he was exerting himself to qualify the trodps for active service, Gambetta remon- strated against his inactivity, and Bourbaki, after rebutting these charges, laid down his command. On Dec. 6, however, he was placed at the head of part of the remnants of the de- feated army of the Loire, which he reorganized around Nevers, so as to make it consist of four corps and eventually of about 150,000 men. Disappointed by Garibaldi's force not joining him for the relief of Belfort and in other pro- jected exploits, he succeeded, nevertheless, in driving the enemy from Dijon ; but his adver- sary, Gen. Werder, concentrated his forces at Vesoul, attacked the French flank at Villesexel (Jan. 9, 1871), gained time to intrench himself in a strong position before Belfort, and re- peatedly repelled Bourbaki's impetuous attacks (Jan. 15-17). Dreading at the same time Ger- man reenforcements under Manteuffel, the French general retired to Besancon in the hope of thence reaching Lyons; but, cut off by the Germans, he was obliged to retreat over the left bank of the river Doubs in the direction of Switzerland. In the mean while he received visionary instructions from Gambetta to resume aggressive operations with demoral- ized forces, worn out by forced marches over Alpine mountains and glaciers, and short of the necessaries of life. Depressed by these circum- stances and exasperated at Gambetta's taunt- ing him with treason, Bourbaki shot himself in the head at Besancon, Jan. 27. Expressing his regret that the wound did not prove fatal, he transferred his command to Gen. Clin- chant, who, after new disasters, led the re- maining 80,000 of the original 150,000 men of Bourbaki's army into Switzerland. Bourbaki has since been appointed to a military com- mand in Lyons. BOURBON. I. A N. E. county of Kentucky, bounded E. by the South Licking river, which also intersects the N. E. part, and drained by Hinkston, Stoner's, and Stroad's creeks ; area, about 400 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 14,863, of whom 6,677 were colored. This county forms part of the region called the garden of Kentucky. The surface is gently undulating, and the soil, of fine limestone derivation, is remarkably rich. Lead ore is found .in small quantities; sulphur and chalybeate springs are numerous. On Stoner's creek is a remarkable ancient earth- work. The Kentucky Central and the Paris and Maysville railroads traverse the county. The chief productions in 1870 were 71,717 bushels of wheat, 67,739 of rye, 1,229,515 of Indian corn, 114,762 of oats, 163,850 pounds of butter, 47,585 of wool, and 5,572 tons of hay. There were 5,214 horses, 5,119 mules and asses, 3,870 milch cows, 16,629 other cat- tle, 11,038 sheep, and 19,387 swine. The manufacture of Bourbon whiskey, which takes its name from this county, is extensively car- ried on. Capital, Paris. II. A S. E. county of Kansas, bordering on Missouri, drained by the Little Osage and Marmiton rivers; area, 625 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 15,076. The Mis- souri River, Fort Scott, and Gulf, and the Mis- souri, Kansas, and Texas railroads traverse it. The chief productions in 1870 were 145,179 bushels of wheat, 706,607 of Indian corn, 266,320 of oats, 81,527 of potatoes, 20,789 tons of hay, 12,103 of wool, 255,218 of but- ter, and 225,569 gallons of sorghum molasses. There were 5,423 horses, 5,299 milch cows, 10,055 other cattle, 4,302 sheep, and 6,867 swine. Capital, Bourbon. BOURBON, an island. See REUNION. BOURBON, a French ducal and royal family, different branches of which have reigned as kings over France, Spain, and Naples, and as sovereign dukes over*Parma. I. DUCAL FAM- ILY. The fief of Bourbon, now called Bourbon- 1'Archambault, was early in the 10th century in the possession of Adhemar or Aimar, a de- scendant of Childebrand, brother of Charles Martel, and in the 13th century in that of the house of Dampierre, which held it till 1272, when Beatrix, the heiress, married the sixth son of Louis IX., Robert, count of Clermont, who thus became the head of the family. The fief, then only a seigniory, was erected into a duke- dom by Charles IV. for Louis, son of Robert and Beatrix (1327). He left two sons : Pierre I., the elder, who continued the ducal dynasty, and Jacques I., count of La Marche, the an- cestor of the royal line. The second duke, Pierre I., was killed in 1356 at Poitiers. His son Louis II. (1337-1409) distinguished himself in the war against the English, and was appoint- ed conjointly with Philip the Bold, duke of Burgundy, to superintend the education of the young king Charles VI., who had married his sister. He was the true founder of the great- ness of his house. To the duchy of Bourbon and county of Clermont he added, through his two marriages or by purchase, the duchy of Auvergne, the county of Montpensier, the principality of Dombes, and several minor feudal estates; so that he became one of the most powerful vassals of the crown, his posses- sions extending from the Cher to the Rhdne. JEAN!, succeeded his father Louis II.; was taken prisoner at the battle of Agincourt (1415), and carried to England ; paid his ransom three times without being released ; and at last concluded a treaty by which he gave up to the English king the principal strongholds of his duchy, at the same time acknowledging Henry VI. as king of France; but his son declined to abide by these terms, and the duke died in 1434 in London, after 18 years' captivity. CHARLES I., known until his father's death as count of Clermont, did good service for the French king against the English, and was one of the nego- tiators of the treaty of Arras between Charles VII. and the duke of Burgundy in 1435. Ho