Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume III.djvu/107

 BORISOGLEBSK BORNE 101 is forced down to the bottom of the hole while the machine is at work. This drill is now (February, 1873) in use by the United States FIG. 21. Diamond Drill. government in deepening the channel of the James river below Richmond, Va. It is much used in prospecting for coal and other mine- 22 Fio. 28. rals, and for boring arte- sian wells, and is especial- ly adapted to these pur- poses. At the Lacka- wanna coal and iron com- pany's mines the total boring in 67 days in the year 1872 was 6,357 ft., with an average number of 2 T drills, the aver- age of each drill per day being 34 ft. The aver- age cost of the diamonds was 13 cents per foot. BORISOGLEBSK, a town of Russia, in the government and 90 m. S. by E. of Tambov, on the Vorona, a tributary of the Don ; pop. in 1867, 12,254. It has an important fair, manu- factures of various kinds, and a large establish- ment for the melting of tallow. BORISQV, a town of Russia, on the Beresina, in the government and 44 m. N. E. of Minsk; pop. in 1867, 5,233. Near the adjacent village of Stndienka the Beresina was crossed by the French army, Nov. 26 and 27, 1812. (See BB- EK8INA.) IJOK.I i:ssov Julian, a Swedish dramatist, bora at Tanum, March 22, 1790, died in Upsal, May 5, 1866. He was minister of the church of Weckholm near Enkoping from 1828 till his death. His first and best drama, Erik XIV. (1846; German translation, 1855), was succeed- ed by many tragedies. In 1861 he became one of the 18 members of the Swedish academy. BORLACE, Edmund, an English historian, a physician by profession, died at Chester about 1682. His father, Sir John Borlace, was one of the lords justices of Ireland, and he was educated at Dublin and Leyden. He practised his profession at Chester, and wrote among other works " The Reduction of Ireland to the Crown of England, with the Governors since the Conquest by Henry II. in 1172" (London, 1675), and " The History of the execrable Irish Rebellion, traced from many preceding acts to the grand Eruption, Oct. 23, 1641, and thence pursued to the Act of Settlement, 1661" (London, 1680). BORN) Bertram! de, viscount of Hautefort, a French troubadour and warrior, born in the castle of Born, Perigord, in the middle of the 12th century, died about 1209. He belonged to an ancient family which traced its origin to the duke of Aquitaine, and early contended with his brother for the supremacy over the vast family domain, which contained 1,000 serfs. Richard Coeur de Lion took the dispossessed brother's part in revenge for Bertrand's satiri- cal lays, upon which the latter espoused the cause of Henry II. and took a prominent and mischievous part in these family broils and wars, especially as Aquitaine was threatened both by France and England. After the death of Richard, whom he as well as other princes had instigated to go to the Holy Land without himself contributing anything to the crusades excepting spirited songs, he lived in retirement, as was believed in a monastery, and the fief of Hantefort was transferred in 1210 by his son Bertrand (who also wrote several songs) to the king of France. Eleanor of Aquitaine, wife of Henry II., was said to have been one of his patronesses; he was also in love with Helena, sister of Richard, though he celebrated Maenz, daughter of the viscount of Turenne, and wife of Talleyrand of Perigord, as the special object of his adoration. Dante places him in his inferno for leading the youthful king to quarrel with his father; and Thierry as well as Sismondi refers to the influence of his lyrics and of his sword and counsels in stimulating and embittering the spirit of con- tention of his day. See Laurens, Le Tyrtee du Moyen Age, ou Jiistoire de Hertrand de Born, vicomU d'Hauteford (Paris, 1863). BOKNA, a town of Germany, in the kingdom of Saxony, on the Wyhra, 16 m. S. S. E. of Leipsic ; pop. in 1871, 5,751. It has an old Gothic church, and the ruins of an ancient castle, which was destroyed by the Hussites in 1430. The town has a considerable industry. BORNE, Lndwlg, a German author, of Jewish origin, born at Frankfort-on-the-Main, May 18, 1786, died in Paris, Feb. 13, 1837. His