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 790 BOHEMOND BOHOL nationality struggle, Czech literature has taken a more political turn, the periodical press be- ing particularly active. Czech grammars and dictionaries are numerous, some of them, like the works of Dohrovsky, Celakovsky, and Jungmann, of great philological value. BUIIEMOND, Mire, a Norman crusader, born about 1060, -died in 1111. He was the eldest son of Robert Guiscard, the conqueror of Apu- lia and Calabria, and commanded with distinc- tion in the wars of his father against the By- zantine emperor Alexis, 1081-'5. After his father's death he was excluded from the throne of Apulia by his younger brother Roger, and obtained as his inheritance the city of Taranto. Desirous of conquest and new glory, he joined the crusaders in Epirus with a large army (1096), and took a prominent part in the cap- ture of Antioch in 1098. Ho retained posses- sion of this city, and, taking no part in the siege of Jerusalem, endeavored to found an inde- pendent principality in Syria. After various adventures he returned to Europe, leaving his kinsman Tancred in Antioch, married a daugh- ter of the king of France, and beginning a new war against Alexis, crossed the Adriatic with 6,000 horse and 40,000 foot, assembled from various parts of Europe, and laid siege to Du- razzo. The war, however, was disastrous to the Normans. Bohemond was compelled to conclude a treaty of peace, and soon after died. His son, Bohemond II., succeeded to the prin- cipality of Antioch, which fell under Bohe- mond VI. in 1268. BOHL FIBER, Cecilia, a Spanish authoress, known under the nom de plume of Fernan Ca- ballero, born at Morget, Switzerland, in 1797. Her mother was a Spaniard, and her father, Nikolas Bohl von Faber, the son of a Hamburg merchant established in Spain, and the author of Floresta de rimas antiguas caitellanas (3 vols., Hamburg, 1821-'5) and Tentro espaTiol anterior d Lope de Vega, (1832). The daughter was educated in Germany, and went with her father to Spain in 1817. She was married suc- cessively to Col. Planells, the marquis of Arco Hermoso, and Antonio de Arron, Spanish con- sul in Australia. After the death of the last, in 1863, she was enabled, through the patron- age of the duke de Montpensier, to reside in the royal palace at Seville. She has written on the traditions, customs, and social character- istics of Spain, especially of Andalusia, a series of novels, fairy tales, and ballads. A collection of her works appeared at Madrid in 13 vols., 1860-'61, an additional volume at Cadiz in 1862, and in 1865 appeared her Novelas originales. Her principal productions have been translated into French, and some of them into English. In Germany translations of her works appeared at Paderborn in 17 vols., 1859-'64. ISOHLKV, Peter von, a German orientalist, born at Wuppels, Oldenburg, March 13, 1796, died in Halle, Feb. 6, 1840. He was of humble origin and had to struggle with adversity till 1817, when the freemasons of Hamburg enabled him to study at the gymnasium of that city, and he perfected his knowledge of oriental lan- guages in Halle and Bonn. In 1822 he became adjunct professor at Bonn, and in 1825 profes- sor extraordinary of oriental languages in Ko- nigsberg, and in 1830 ordinary professor. He visited England in 1831 and 1837, and for the improvement of his health he spent some time in southern France, whence he removed in 1839 to Halle. His principal works : are Das alte In- dien(2 vols., Konigsberg, 1830-'31); his edition of Bhartrihari's SprOche (Berlin, 1833, with a German translation, Hamburg, 1835); Die Oene- sis, historisch-kritisch erluutert (Konigsberg, 1835) ; his edition of Kalidasa's Bitusanhdra, (Leipsic, 1840) ; and his Autobiographic, edited by Voigt (Konigsberg, 1841 ; 2d ed. with his correspondence, 1843). l;<imi. Theobald, a German flutist, born in Ba- varia in 1802. In 1834 he went to London, and in 1849 returned to his native country, where he entered the private service of the king. He was considered almost without a rival as a flute player, and also set himself the task of perfecting the mechanism of flutes and other reed instruments. His efforts resulted in the construction of what has since been known as the Bohm flute, which has, by reason of the greater accuracy and equality of its scale and the superior facility of the fingering, gradually superseded the old models. Bohm also made several universally accepted improvements in the oboe and the bassoon. As a composer he has acquired a considerable celebrity. He has written several concertos for flute and or- chestra, and has published a treatise on the construction of the flute. ISOll V, Henry George, an English publisher, of German parentage, born in London, Jan. 4, 1796. He commenced in 1845 the republica- tion of rare standard works, selected from all the national literatures of Europe, in the Eng- lish language, and in a cheap form. For many years he issued in a uniform shape series enti- tled "Standard Library," "Scientific Library," "Illustrated Library," " Library of French Me- moirs," Library of Extra Volumes," " Classical Library " (consisting of translations of the Greek and Latin classics), "Antiquarian Library," "Philosophical Library," "Philological Libra- ry," "Library of British Classics," "Ecclesi- astical Library," "Miniature Library," and "Cheap Series," amounting in all to between 600 and TOO volumes. Mr. Bohn translated for these series some of the works of Schiller, Goethe, and Hnmboldt, assisted in several of the classical translations, and compiled a " Handbook of Pottery and Porcelain," " Hand- book of Proverbs," " Polyglot of Foreign Prov- erbs," &c. He edited the works of Addison and Lowndes's " Bibliographer's Manual," and prepared for the Philobiblon society a " Life of Shakespeare" and "Dictionary of English Poetical Quotations." BOHOL, or Bool, one of the Philippine islands, situated between Cebu and Leyte, and N. of