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 BOGUE BOHEMIA 783 it leaps over a rocky ledge upward of 600 ft. high, forming one of the most magnificent cat- aracts on the globe, and thence rushes down to join the Magdalena. There are besides sev- eral lakes and morasses on the plateau, a num- ber of thermal springs, and many villages and hamlets still known by their primitive Indian names. Coal, iron, and copper mines yield in abundance ; there are salt mines, which at an earlier period were leased for 280,000 pe- sos annually, and still supply the surrounding states; and the celebrated emeralds of Muzo have long met the constant demand for that gem in Europe. Large numbers of cattle are raised, and horses and mules are exported to a considerable extent. The vegetation is ex- tremely luxuriant, hut the cultivated grounds are mostly in the vicinity of the capital, pro- ducing twice yearly the various European cereals, fruits, and vegetables. The potato is said to have been first carried to Europe from the plain of Bogota by Sir John Hawkins. Bo- gota, called Santa F6 by the Spaniards, was founded in 1538 by Gonzalo Ximenes de Que- sada, who built 12 houses there in honor of the 12 apostles. In 1548 it became a bishopric. It was the capital of the Spanish province of New Granada till 1811, when the republic was proclaimed by the congress assembled here, in imitation of Venezuela, on Nov. 12. In 1816 the city was taken by the Spaniards under Mo- rillo; but it was relieved by Bolivar in the battle of Boyaca, August, 1819. It then be- came the capital of Colombia; and since the establishment of Venezuela and Ecuador as separate states, it has been the capital of the republic of New Granada (now United States of Colombia), and an archiepiscopal see. BOGIE, David, a Scottish preacher and au- thor, born in Berwickshire, March 1, 1750, died at Brighton, Oct. 25, 1825. He was edu- cated at the university of Edinburgh, licensed as a preacher in the church of Scotland, and in 1771 went to London, and kept a school at Chelsea for some years. After a visit to Am- sterdam in 1776, he became pastor of an Inde- pendent congregation at Gosport, Hampshire, and principal of an academy for ministerial education. In 1791 he commenced an agita- tion through the pulpit and the press, which led to the formation of the London missionary society in 1795. He became head of a semi- nary founded by that body, and wrote the first tract for the religious tract society, which chiefly originated with him. He was also one of the projectors and first editor of the "Evangelical Magazine," and took an active part in the formation of the British and foreign Bible society. Besides various pamphlets, he wrote an " Essay on the Divine Authority of the New Testament" (1802), which was trans- lated into several languages; in conjunction with Dr. James Bennett, his pupil, friend, and biographer, a " History of the Dissenters " (3 vols. 8vo, 1809; 4 vols., 1812), intended as a continuation of Neal's "History of the Puri- 102 VOL. ii. 50 tans;" and "Discourses on the Millennium" (2 vols., 1813-'16). BOGUSLAWSKI, Adalbert (Pol. WojciecK), a Polish actor and dramatist, born at Glinna, near Posen, in 1752, died in Warsaw, July 23, 1829. He went upon the stage in Warsaw in 1778, and from that epoch to 1809, at which time he was finally settled as the manager of the theatre in Warsaw, he wandered through Poland, establishing theatres in various cities. He translated plays and operas from the French, English, and Italian, and composed many origi- nal dramas of a national character. His plays were published at Warsaw in 1820-'25, in 9 vols. ; and his original works were collected in 3 vols., 1849-'54. BOHA-EDDIK, or Bohaddin, Abnl-Mohassen Tnsnf ibn Shnlad. an Arabian scholar and historian, born in Mosul in 1145, died in Aleppo about 1233. Having attained proficiency in Moslem law, he became at the age of 27 a lecturer at Bagdad. In 1186 he made the pilgrimage to Mecca, and returned through the Holy Land, visiting Jerusalem, Hebron, and other sacred cities. While in Damascus, being summoned to the Moslem camp by Saladin, he wrote a treatise on the "Laws and Discipline of Sacred War," praising Saladin's policy. Saladin ap- pointed him cadi of Jerusalem and of the army, and a strong attachment subsisted between them. On the death of Saladin he transferred his attachment to his son Malek Dhaher, whom he was instrumental in establishing on the throne of Aleppo. In return, Malek appointed Boha-eddin cadi of that city, which brought him constantly to reside in the royal court. Aleppo now became the resort for men of sci- ence and learning, and Boha-eddin founded a college, where he continued to give lectures till his death. His great work, the "Life of Saladin," was published by Schultens at Ley- den in 1732, with notes, maps, and a Latin translation. BOHEMIA (Boh. Cechy ; Ger. JSdhmen), a country of central Europe, now forming a po- litical division of the Austro-Hungarian mon- archy, between lat. 48 33' and 51 5' N., and Ion. 12 5' and 16 46' E., and bounded N. W. by Saxony, N. E. by Prussian Silesia, S. E. by Moravia and Lower Austria, and S. W. by Up- per Austria and Bavaria ; length E. and W., 200 m. ; breadth N. and S., 170 m. ; area, 20,064 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871 (estimated), 5,173,041. The capital is Prague, on the Moldau. The boun- dary line follows the high mountain ranges of the Erzgebirge (Ore mountains), Riesengebirge (Giant mountains), Moravian mountains, and Bohemian Forest, which separate it from Sax- ony, Silesia, Moravia, and Bavaria, respective- ly. These ranges make Bohemia an elevated quadrangular basin, with a waterslope toward the centre and north, and drained by the river Elbe and its affluents. The Erzgebirge, run- ning N. E. and S. W., are a wooded range with a more gentle declivity toward Saxony than toward Bohemia. At the southwest this