Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume II.djvu/574

 554 BEREZOV BERGAMO BEREZOV. I. Also called Bertzovsk, a village of Russia, in the government of Perm, on the E. slope of the Ural mountains, about 10 m. N. E. of Yekaterinburg, noted for its gold mine, which employs 6,000 men; pop. in 1867, 1,567. II. A small town of Siberia, in the government of Tobolsk, on the left bank of the Sosra, a branch of the Obi, in lat. 64 3' N., Ion. 65 E. ; pop. about 1,500. It is the sole station for traffic in furs in a vast extent of territory, and the annual fair held here is well attended. Berezov is noted in Russian history as a place of exile. BERG, an ancient duchy of Germany, on the lower Rhine. In 1 108 Adolph and Ebrard, the two counts of Teisterband, were created by the emperor Henry V. counts of Berg and Altena. One of their descendants divided his territory between his two sons, and made one count of Berg and the other of Altena. It was subse- quently connected with Limburg, and still later with Cleves and Julich. In 1666, after long disputes, Cleves was given to Branden- burg, and Julich-Berg to the Palatinate. After many new changes Julich was annexed to France by the wars of the revolution, and Berg to Prussia. In 1806 Berg too was ceded to France. In 1 808 it was enlarged and erected into a grand duchy by Napoleon, and given first to Murat and afterward to the eldest son of Louis Napoleon, king of Holland. It was in- corporated in 1815 with Prussia under the treaty of Vienna, and is now included in the three districts of Arnsberg, Dilsseldorf, and Cologne. BERG, Frledrieh von, count, a Russian general, born May 26, 1790. When a young man he published an account of his travels in southern Europe and Turkey, which led to his being sent by Capo d'Istria, minister of foreign affairs, to Naples in a diplomatic capacity, but for the purpose in reality of observing the carbonari, his accounts of whom attracted much attention. As colonel in the army he took part in expedi- tions against the Kirghizes (1822-'4), and also in one to the Aral sea (1825), which had im- portant scientific results. In 1830 he married in Italy the countess Cicogna. He served for 12 years under Prince Paskevitch in Poland, and was employed upon diplomatic missions and in military topography. In 1843 he was appointed general of infantry and quarter- master general on the imperial staff, and trans- ferred to St. Petersburg. When Austria in 1849 requested the assistance of Russia against Hungary, Berg was sent as plenipotentiary to Vienna, and used all his influence with Prince Paskevitch to prevent a breach between him and Haynau. On his return to St. Petersburg he engaged in topographical works of magni- tude. Having been sent as governor to Fin- land, he was recalled in 1861 on account of his unpopularity. He was next employed, in 1863-'4, in putting down the insurrection in Poland, at first as adviser of the grand duke Constantine, and afterward as commander-in- chief and governor of that province, an office which he still holds (1873). He was created field marshal in 1867. BERG13U, a town of Asiatic Turkey, 50 m. N. of Smyrna, built on the site of ancient Pergamus; pop. about 12,000. The remains of several temples, of a prytaneum, gymnasium, amphitheatre, and other public buildings, bear witness to the magnificence of the ancient city. BERGAMI, Bartolommeo, courier of Caroline, queen of England, said to have been the son of a village apothecary. Originally a common soldier in the Italian army, he had risen to the rank of quartermaster. In 1814 at Milan he was recommended to Queen Caroline by the marquis of Ghislieri as a man of character and attainments. He was singularly good-looking, and was taken into her service as courier. He nearly lost his life by drinking through mistake a glass of poisoned wine that had been intended for the queen. He accompanied her upon her travels through Germany, Italy, Greece, and Syria, and was treated with great favor, promoted to the position of chamberlain and master of the horse, admitted to the table of her majesty, and presented with a handsome estate near Milan. At Palermo the queen ob- tained for him the title of baron. His sister the countess of Oldi was made lady in waiting, and one of his brothers steward and the other treasurer. Upon the return of the queen to England proceedings were instituted against her which were founded principally upon the charge that she had been guilty of improper intimacy with Bergami upon her travels. The public sentiment in England, 'however, was upon the queen's side, and the proceedings were discontinued. After the queen's return to England Bergami continued to reside in Italy in the enjoyment of the wealth received from her. BERGAMO. I. A province of N. Italy, a part of Lombardy, bounded N. by Sondrio, E. by Brescia, S. by Cremona, and W. by Milan and Como; area, 1,027 sq. m. ; pop. in 1872, 368,- 112. It comprises the three districts of Ber- gamo, Clusone, and Treviglio. The Alps ex- tend down into the northern districts of Ber- gamo and Clusone, which are well wooded. The southern district, Treviglio, is part of the great Lombard plain, and is rich and fertile. The principal rivers are the Adda, its tributa- ries the Brembo and Serio, and the Oglio, an affluent of the Po, which flows through Lake Iseo. The vine, the olive, and the walnut are cultivated, and there are large plantations of mulberry trees. The province has valuable iron mines, large iron works, and several woollen and silk factories. It is celebrated for its beautiful scenery. The inhabitants are clownish and awkward in appearance, but shrewd. Their dialect is peculiar. The har- lequins of the Italian stage have imitated their manners and accent, and are supposed to have had their origin in the valley of the Brembo. II. A city, capital of the province,