Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume II.djvu/452

 432 BEAUREPAIRE-ROHAN of captain at Contreras and Chnrnbusco, and of major at Chapultepec, where he was twice wounded. In 1853 he was made captain in the corps of engineers. From 1849 to 1860 he was stationed mainly at New Orleans, where he had the general charge of the con- struction of the mint, custom house, and ma- rine hospital, as well as of the engineering operations on the lower Mississippi and the gulf. In January, 1861, he was appointed superintendent of the military academy at West Point ; but in less than a month he resigned his commission in the army, and received the rank of brigadier general from the southern confederate government. He conducted the attack upon Fort Sumter, and was afterward sent to Virginia, where he virtually com- manded at the battle of Bull Run ; Gen. J. E. Johnston, who outranked him, having just come upon the field, and adopting his plan of operations. In the spring of 1862 he was sent to the west as second in command of the department of Tennessee. Gen. A. S. John- ston having been killed early in the battle of Shiloh, or Pittsburgh Landing, April 6, Beau- regard took the command, and gained a con- siderable success ; but the next day, Gen. Buell having in the night joined Gen. Grant, he was worsted and forced to abandon the field. He retired to the fortified position at Corinth, which he strengthened and held against Gen. Halleck to the end of May. His health soon after failing, he was for a time relieved from active service, but was afterward placed in command at Charleston, which he successfully defended throughout the year 1863, repelling the attacks under Gen. Gillmore and Admiral Dahlgren. In 1864, when Grant was ap- proaching Richmond, Beauregard held Peters- burg until the arrival of Lee at Richmond, speedily checking the advance of Gen. Butler. In the autumn of 1864 he was placed in com- mand of the department of the west, and made strenuous but unavailing efforts to prevent Sherman's march to the sea. After the close of the war, in which he attained the highest rank in the confederate service, that of full gen- eral, he took up his residence at New Orleans. l!i:U KKI'UltK-KOIIAX, Henri dt, a Brazilian traveller, of French origin, born in Picardy about 1818. He explored Paraguay in 1845-'6, visited Bonpland at Borja, and published De- tcrippdo de uma viagem de Cuyaba ao Bio de Janeiro (Rio, 1846). Promoted in 1850, to the rank of major of engineers, and charged by the government with the exploration of cen- tral Brazil, he has since published several new works on the geography and history of parts of that empire. l!i: II soiilti:. lame it, a French Protestant theologian, born at Niort in Poitou in 1659, died in Berlin in 1738. He studied theology at the academy of Saumur, and was ordained by the synod of Londun in 1683. He assumed the charge of the Calvinist church at Chatillon- sur-Indre, and was obliged to close his place BEAUTEMPS-BEAUPEE of worship upon the revocation of the edict of Nantes in 1085, but continued to hold meet- ings of his congregation at his own house until threats of imprisonment compelled him to leave France. He took refuge in Holland, where ho was appointed private chaplain to the princess of Anhalt-Dessau, a daughter of the dowager princess of Orange. On the death of the hus- band of his patroness, he changed his residence to Berlin in 1694, and was appointed pastor of a French Protestant church there, and in 1707 a member of the consistory, a position which he held till his death. He also acted for many years as inspector of the French schools and churches of the city. He was the principal contributor to the BMiotheqve allemande, be- gun in 1720, of which 50 volumes were pub- lished, and was one of the editors of the Jour- nal d'Allemagne, de Suisse et du Nord (new ed., 2 vols. 8vo, the Hague, 1741-'3). He wrote a " Defence of the Doctrines of the Reformers " (1694); an unfinished history of the reforma- tion (Berlin, 1785; translated into English, 1802) ; with L'Enfant, a French translation of the New Testament (Amsterdam, 1718), and two volumes of commentaries upon it. Among his numerous historical and theological works of less importance are his Histoire de Maniekee et du Manicheisme (Amsterdam, 1734-'9), and Supplement d Phistoire des ffmeites (Lausanne, 1745). His sermons were collected and pub- lished after his death (3d ed., 4 vols., Lausanne, 1758). lilM II ill's-i;i:ui'l!K. (linrlps Franfols, a French hydrographer, born at Neuville-au- Pont, near Ste. Menehould, in 1766, died in 1854. He studied engineering and geography at the depot of marine charts and plans, of which his cousin Buache was the chief. At the early age of 19 he was made a government engineer, and received a commission to revise the charts of the " Neptune of the Baltic." He was rapidly promoted, and in 1791 acted as first hydrographer to the expedition sent out un- der D'Entrecasteaux to search for La P6rouse. He made a very accurate and valuable set of charts of all the regions visited by the fleet. On his return in 1796 he completed his Atlas de la Baltique, begun some time before, and at the order of the government prepared a general hydrographic chart to be used by the French expedition then about to circumnavi- gate the globe. He was now promoted to the position of assistant to the chief of the marine department, and for six years constantly labored in connection with the surveys undertaken by this branch of the service. He made during this period many of the most valuable of the French charts among them those of the E. coast of the Adriatic. In 1810 he was chosen a member of the institute. In 1811 he made valuable hydrographic surveys of the coast near the mouth of the Elbe ; and the German engineers recognized his service to science by making him in 1816 a member of the royal society of Gottingen. In 1814 he was ap-