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 BAUSSET BAVARIA 399 edited by his son, Professor Ferdinand Fried- rich Baur, and by E. Zeller. Other posthu- mous works edited by his son are Vorlesun- yen aber neutestamentliche Theologie (Leipsic, 1864), and Vorlesungen uler die christliche Dogmengeschichte (1865 et seq.). BAUSSET, Lonis Franf ois de, a French cardinal, born at Pondicherry in 1748, died in Paris, June 21, 1824. He was sent to France when young, educated at the seminary of St. Sulpice, took orders, and became bishop of Alais in 1784. In 1787 he was elected a deputy to the assembly of notables at Versailles, and sub- sequently to the states general. When this assembly undertook to alter the church es- tablishment, Bausset was one of the signers of the protest presented by the clerical mem- bers. He afterward emigrated, but returned to Paris in 1792, when he was imprisoned. He was restored to liberty on the revolution of the 9th Tbermidor. Having obtained all the manuscripts left by Fenelon, he wrote his biography (Histoire de Fenelon, 3 vols. 8vo, 1808-'9), which was received with marked favor. On the second return of the Bourbons he entered the chamber of peers, was admitted to the French academy in 1816, was created a cardinal in 1817, then commander in the order of the Holy Ghost, and minister of state. He also wrote L'ffiatoire de Bossuet (4 vols., 1814), and Several historical memoirs. I!U III V Louis Eugene Marie, a French phi- losopher and theologian, born in Paris, Feb. 17, 1796, died Oct. 18, 1867. When only 20 years old he was appointed professor of philoso- phy at Strasburg, where he acquired reputation for his learning and eloquence. Ordained a priest in 1828, he became director of the semi- nary. In 1830 he resigned his professorship, but was eight years later elected dean of the literary faculty of Strasburg, in which capacity he continued till 1849. He then became su- perintendent of the college of Juilly, and was subsequently vicar general of Paris and profes- sor in the theological faculty of that city. He published Psychologic experimental (2 vols., 1839), Philosophie morale (2 vols., 1840), Con- ferences sur la religion et la liberte (1848), and other works. BAUTZEN (Lusatian, Budissiri), a town of Saxony, capital of Upper Lusatia, on the Spree, 31 m. E. N. E. of Dresden ; pop. in 1871, 13,166. It has a cathedral, owned in common by the Catholics and Protestants, two public libraries, a hospital, and manufactures of woollen and linen cloths, paper, and leather. The battle of Bautzen was gained May 20 and 21, 1813, by Napoleon, with about 125,000 men, over the allied Prussians and Russians, numbering nearly 100,000. The engagement began early in the morning of May 20, and the French easily gained possession of the town, but Oudi- not failed in his attacks on the left wing of the enemy. On the following and decisive day they captured Preititz and the heights of Gleina, while Soult stormed those of Kreck- 78 VOL. it. 26 witz, the key to Blucher's position. The allied monarchs, being now reminded of their danger of being crushed by Ney, who had already at- tacked the right flank of their forces, ett'ected a masterly retreat without losing a gun. BAUXITE. See ALUMINA. BAVAI. See BAVAY. BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern or Baiern), a king- dom of central Europe, next after Prussia the most important member of the German em- pire. Capital, Munich. Bavaria consists of two parts, separated by Hesse-Darmstadt, Ba- den, and Wurtemberg, the shortest distance be- tween the divisions being 30 m. The larger or eastern division, lying between lat. 47 15' and 50 35' K, and Ion. 9 and 13 50' E., is bound- ed N". by Saxony, Reuss, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe- Weimar, and the Prus- sian province of Hesse (Cassel); E. by the Austrian empire ; S. by Switzerland and the Austrian empire ; and W. by Hesse-Darmstadt, Baden, and Wurtemberg. The smaller division, known as the Palatinate (Ger. Pfalz) or Rhe- nish Bavaria, lies on the W. bank of the Rhine, between lat. 48 57' and 49 50' N., and Ion. 7 5' and 8 30' E. It is bounded N. by Hesse- Darmstadt and Rhenish Prussia ; E. by the Rhine, which separates it from Baden ; S. by Alsace-Lorraine ; and W. by Rhenish Prussia. Area since the peace of 1866, in which 213 sq. m. were ceded to Prussia, 29,292 sq. m. The population according to the census of 1871 was 4,861,402. The increase during the last 50 years has been nearly 25 per cent., as the total population in 1818 numbered 3,707,966. In 1867, in a total population of 4,824,421, there were 3,441,029 Roman Catholics, 1,328,- 713 Protestants, 4,839 other Christian sects, and 49,840 Jews. The Protestants were di- vided into 989,343 Lutherans, 3,267 Reformed, and 336,103 United Evangelicals. In 1871 the Roman Catholic population embraced several thousand Old Catholics. The number of per- sons who emigrated from Bavaria amounted from 1830 to 1869 to about 288,000. The king- dom and population are distributed in eight Regierungs-Bezirke (administrative districts), as follows : DISTRICTS. Area In iq. m. Pop., Dec. 31, 1646. Pop., Dec. 31, 1855. Pop., Dec. 1, 1871. 1. Upper Bavaria (Ober- 6,682 4.1 BT 2,2S>3 8,781 2,702 2,918 8248 8,666 706,544 548.709 608,470 467,606 601,168 627,866 502.0SO 668,436 744,161 654.018 687,884 471,906 498,918 538,887 589.076 561,576 841,579 602.005 615,104 407,960 540,963 588,417 686,122 582,888 11.861 2. Lower Bavaria (Nieder- 8. Palatinate (Pfalz) 4. Upper Palatinate and Ratisbon (Oberpfalz und Regensburg) 5. Upper Franconia (Ober- frnnken) 6. Middle Franconia (Mit- 7. Lower Franconia and Aschaffenbure f Unter- franken und A.) 8. Swabia and Neuburg. . . Army of Occupation in France Total.. 29,292 4,604,874 4,541,666 4,861,402