Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume II.djvu/374

 354: BARY miah, whose captivity he appears to have shared, and whom he accompanied to Egypt. His subsequent fate is unknown. He wrote from dictation the prophecies of Jeremiah, and read them to the people from a window of the temple (about 605 B. 0.); but King Jehoiakim, being displeased with the contents, destroyed the roll, cutting it with a penknife and after- ward burning it. Concealing themselves from the persecutions of the king, Baruch and Jere- miah rewrote the whole of the prophecies. The enemies of Jeremiah ascribed to the latter an important influence upon the prophet. Bunsen regards Baruch as the author of the second part of Isaiah. One of the apocryphal books of the Old Testament bears the name of Baruch. It follows in the Septuagint immediately after the prophecy of Jeremiah. The prologue of the book states that it was read by Baruch to Jeremiah and the people in Babylon by the river Sud (Euphrates); that the people were brought by it to repentance, and sent the book with a letter and presents to Jerusalem. Then follows an exhortation to wisdom and a due observance of the law. Jerusalem is introduced as a widow comforting her children with the hope of a return. The Roman Catholic theo- logians generally defend the authenticity of the book, while most of the Protestants regard its spuriousness as fully proved. The first portion of the book, embracing chap. i. to iii. 8, is, ac- cording to the unanimous opinion of all wrir ters, a translation from a Hebrew original ; ac- cording to Ewald and Ilitzig, the translation was made by the Alexandrine translator of Jere- miah. The remainder is believed to have been written by a Greek author. Ewald thinks it was composed between 360 and 350 B. C. BARY, Hendrik, a Dutch engraver of the 17th century. His productions are remarkable for neatness of execution, though inferior to those of Cornelius Vischer. Among them are excellent engravings of the portrait of Grotius, of several Dutch ad mini Is, and of an allegorical picture by Vandyke, representing "Summer and Autumn." BAKYK, Antoine Loots, a French sculptor, born in Paris, Sept. 24, 1795. He perfected his studies under Bosio and Gros, and acquired reputation in 1831 by his group representing a tiger and a crocodile, in M. Thiers' posses- sion. In 1848-'51 he held an office in the Louvre museum, where he also had his studio. In 1850 he became a teacher of the art of de- signing subjects in natural history at Versailles, and afterward taught in the Louvre from 1854, and in the museum of the botanical garden from 1856. He executed allegorical statues for the pavilion of the new Louvre; produced many works relating to mythological and his- torical subjects; statuettes of Gaston de Foix, Napoleon, and Charles VI. (the last executed after his model by the late princess Marie d'Orleans); the "Three Graces," the "Ama- zon," "Angelica," two of his daughters (since dead), and other fine female figures. His BASARJIK works most admired for their anatomical and physiological qualities and monumental gran- deur are his bronze groups of animals, as his lion crushing a boar, and his other lions in the garden of the Tuileries ; his panther and gazelle in the collection of the duke de Luynes; his little bears playing ; his tiger devouring a goat in the Lyons museum ; and his jaguar feasting upon a hare, purchased as a plaster model by the French government in 1850, and exhibited in bronze at the Paris expositions of 1852 and 1855. In 1833 he became chevalier and in 1855 officer of the legion of honor; received the gold medal of honor at the exhibition of 1855 ; took a prominent part in the London exhibition of 1862 ; and in 1868 became a mem- ber of the academy of fine arts. Gonon's re- vival of the renaissance method of modelling bronze statues at the first casting from waste wax (cire perdue) is successfully applied to many of Barye's works. BARYTA, or Barytes. See BARIVM. BAS, or Batz, a small island of France, in the English channel, a part of the department of Finistere, 15 m. N. W. of Morlaix, about 2-J m. long and nearly 2 m. wide ; pop. abont 5,000. It contains three villages, four batteries, two forts, a revolving lighthouse, and a safe harbor of refuge. BASALT, the hardest, most compact, and heaviest of the trap rocks, frequently columnar in structure, the columns or prisms having three, five, or more sides, regular and jointed. Some of the columns of the isle of Skye are 400 feet long, while in other localities they do not exceed an inch in length. The diameters of the prisms range from nine feet to an inch across the face. The columnar structure is most noticeable when the rock is viewed at a distance, as at the Palisades on the Hudson. Remark- able examples of basalt have been found on the N. W. shore of Lake Superior, at the Giant's Causeway, Ireland, and Fingal's cave, Scot- land, and on the island of St. Helena. Basalt belongs to the augitic series of the igneous rocks resembling dolerite, and consists of labra- dorite, augite, and chrysolite in grains looking like green glass. Its specific gravity varies from 2 - 9 to 3'2. Owing to its hardness, basalt has been much used for pavements and for macadamizing roads. "When melted and cooled rapidly it is converted into a kind of obsidian (volcanic glass), and can be cast into ornamen- tal blocks and mouldings. Artificial building stone was at one time made of it in England. BASARJIK (Turkish, market town), the name of several places in European Turkey, the most important of which are the two following. I. Also called Hadji-Oglo-Basari, in eastern Bulgaria, 25 m. N. of Varna; pop. about 5,000, mostly Mohammedans. The town contains 10 mosques, and has an important yearly fair in April. It was captured by the Russians, June 2, 1774, and again June 3", 1810, after an obstinate struggle in which 8,000 Turks fell. II. Also called Tatar-Basarjik, on the upper