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 EARTH BARTHELEMY 345 1851, when they planned another journey to Kauem and Borgoo, a vast unexplored region lying X. E. of the lake, and stretching halfway to Nubia; but they were assailed by Arabs, and forced to return to Kuka. They found the sultan about to send an army 20,000 strong to subjugate Mandara, a country S. E. of Bornoo. They joined this expedition, which after march- ing 200 miles returned in triumph, with a booty of 5,000 slaves and 10,000 cattle. After resting nearly two months, Earth, near the close of March, 1852, set out for Baghirmi, a kingdom E. of Bornoo, which no European had ever visited. Here he was again forced to return, reaching Kuka Aug. .20. During his absence Overweg tried to penetrate the Fellatah king- dom of Yakoba, N. W. of the Benoowe, but his health was shattered, and he returned to Kuka, near which place he died, Sept. 27, 1852. Barth was now alone ; but fresh funds reaching him from the English government, he resolved to pursue his explorations, sending his papers to England, with a request that another associate should be provided for him, and fixing upon the kingdom of Timbuctoo as his destination. He had sound health, goods for presents worth $200, four camels, as many horses, and five trusty servants, all well supplied with arms and ammunition. The party left Kuka Nov. 25, 1852, reached Sackatoo in April, and Timbuc- too Sept. 7, 1853. For many months nothing was heard of Barth except a rumor that he was dead. Meanwhile Edward Vogel, a Gorman employed as an assistant to the British royal astronomer, volunteered to go in search of him. He was attended" by a company of sappers and miners. At Tripoli he was joined by Mr. War- rington, son of the British consul. They reached Kuka in December, 1853. Here Warrington died ; but Vogel learned that Barth was alive, and had left Timbuctoo, where he had been detained nearly a year. The vizier of Bornoo had forwarded the report that he had died, hoping that this would soon be the case, so that the supplies of the expedition might fall into his own hands. But civil troubles arising, the vizier was deposed, and Barth was protected by the sheik of Timbuctoo, who furnished him with an escort as far back as Sackatoo. He suc- ceeded in exploring the middle course of the Quorra or Niger, which had not been before done by any European except Mungo Park, whose journal perished with him ; he also dis- covered two considerable kingdoms, Gando and Hamd-Allahi, the existence of which had before been unknown. On Oct. 17 he reached Kano, the largest town in central Africa, where, his funds being exhausted, he succeeded in procur- ing a loan by paying 100 per cent, interest. On Dec. 1, 1854, he was met by Vogel, the first European he had seen since the death of Over- weg, more than two years before. Having win- tered at Kuka, Barth started for home in May, 1855, and reached Marseilles Sept. 8, having been absent nearly six years. After visiting his friends in Germany, he went to London to , prepare an account of his explorations. The " Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa" appeared simultaneously in English and German (5vols., London and Gotha, 1855- '8), with numerous illustrations, many of them colored, and elaborate maps of his various routes. This is Earth's great work, and, though heavy and diffuse in style, it is still the most valuable book of African travel which has ap- peared. Earth made it a point, wherever he was, to study the language and history of the country, and he brought to light much that would otherwise have been wholly lost to the student. Having completed the account of his African travels, he made several other journeys, of which he published accounts: Seise wn Trapezunt durch die ndrdliche Halfte Klein- atiem nach Scutari (Gotha, I860) ; Rei&e (lurch das Innere der europaischen Tiirkei (Berlin, 1864) ; and in 1805 he made a tour in Albania and Montenegro. At the time of his death he was professor extraordinary of geography in the university of Berlin. His posthumous work, Sammlung Centralafrikanucher Vocabularien, appeared in 1866. BARTHELEMY, Angnste Marseille, a French poet, born in Marseilles in 1796, died there, Aug. 23, 1867. He excelled as a satirist, and his Rome A Paris (1826) passed through many editions. About 1825 he formed a literary part- nership with Mery, another satirical poet, and together they published La Villeliade, an at- tack on the ministry of Villele, and in 1828 Napoleon en figypte, copies of which were sent to every member of the Bonaparte family. In 1829 he published Le fik de I'homme, an ac- count of a visit to the duke of Reichstadt, for which he was fined and imprisoned. He was alternately a satirist of the government and of the opposition, his course being deter- mined by pensions, fines, and imprisonments. Among the latest of his many productions was Le deux decemlre (1852), a vindication of Louis Napoleon's coup d'etat. li.VKTIIKLKM V. Francois, marquis de, a French diplomatist, born at Aubagne, Oct. 20, 1747, died in Paris, April 3, 1830. He was educated by his uncle, Jean Jacques Barth61emy, and be- came prominent in the diplomatic service, espe- cially at Basel, where in 1795 he negotiated the first treaties of peace of the republic with Spain, Prussia, and Hesse-Cassel. He was a member of the directory, and after the 18th Fructidor was transported with Pichegru to Guiana, whence he escaped to the United States and to England. He was among the first recalled by the first consul, who made him a senator, and afterward a count. He voted to make Bonaparte consul for life, and presided in 1814 over the senate which deposed the emperor, for which Louis XVIII. created him a peer. After the hundred days he was made a minister of state and marquis. His motion in 1819 for reducing the electoral vote became one of the principal sources of political agitation during the restoration.