Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume II.djvu/363

 BARRY BARTFELD 343 BARRY, Martin, an English physiologist, born at Stratton, Hampshire, in March, 1802, died at Beccles, Suffolk, April 27, 1855. He received his doctor's diploma in Edinburgh in 1833, and was house surgeon of the royal maternity hospital in that city. He was the first to de- monstrate, in his contributions to the "Philo- sophical Transactions " of the royal society of London (1840-'43), that spermatozoa actually penetrate within the ovum. He also estab- lished the fact of the segmentation of the yolk in the mammals, and made other discoveries in embryology. BARS (Ger. BarscJi), a county of N. W. Hun- gary, traversed by the Gran ; area, 1,031 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 137,191, more than half of whom are Slovaks, and the rest Magyars, Ger- mans, and Jews. It is mountainous in the north, where the rocky soil is unfavorable to agriculture, though fitted for cattle breeding. The south is very fertile. The county is chiefly celebrated for its mineral wealth, which em- braces gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, and an- timony; but the production of the precious metals is declining. The richest mines are those of Kremnitz, the Austro-Hungarian gold (Kremnitz) ducats being coined in that town. Capital, Aranyos-Mar6th. BARSAO, a village of France, in the depart- ment of the Gironde, 21 m. by railway S. E. of Bordeaux; pop. in 1866, 3,076. It produces famous white wines which belong to the vintage of Graves. The ordinary Barsac is less delicate but stronger than Preignac, but the wines of upper Barsac are remarkable alike for strength and aroma. When old, the color becomes that of ambergris. BARSI1MA, or Barsnmas. I. A Nestorian bish- op of the 5th century, died about 480. Having been expelled from the school of Edessa, he took refuge in Persia, accompanied by many of his followers, and in 435 was created bishop of Nisibis. He acquired great influence with the Persian king Ferozes, whom he induced to expel all Christians who adhered to the teachings of the Greek fathers, and not only to admit Nestorians in their place, but to allow them to establish themselves in the chief cities, Seleucia and Ctesiphon. He established the fa- mous school at Nisibis, from which went forth missionaries who in the next century carried the Nestorian doctrines into Syria, Egypt, Ara- bia, India, Tartary, and China. The Nestorians of Persia and the neighboring countries still venerate him as the parent and founder of their faith. He upheld the right of the clergy to marry, and himself espoused a nun named Mam- masa. Ho was the author of discourses, homi- lies, hymns, and a Syriac liturgy, none of which are extant. II. A Syrian archimandrite, who headed the Eutychian party at the so-called " robber council " of Epliesus in 449. By the Jacobites he is held to have been a saint and worker of miracles. i:K-si it- | |(t;, a town of France, depart- ment of Aube, on the river Aube, 29 m. E. S. E. of Troyes; pop. in 1866, 4,809. It is very ancient, and has some old churches, a hospital founded in the llth century, and a college. In January and February, 1814, it was the scene of two battles, in consequence of which it was nearly destroyed. It has a trade of some im- portance in breadstuff's, wine, wood, hemp, and wool, and has extensive nurseries of fruit and ornamental trees. I! Ut-Sl K-SKINK, a town of France, depart- ment of Aube, on the Seine, 16 m. S. S. E. of Troyes; pop. in 1866, 2,770. It was a large place in the middle ages, but it was several times ruined during the Burgundian wars. On March 1, 1814, a battle was fought under its walls between the French under Macdonald and the Austrians under the prince of Wur- temberg. It trades in breadstuff's, wines, bran- dies, wool, and hemp. BART, or Baert, Jean, a French naval officer, born at Dunkirk, Oct. 20, 1651, died there, April 27, 1702. He was the son of a fisherman, and early took to the sea. The royal navy being at this period inaccessible to persons of his class, he distinguished himself in command of a privateer. Louis XIV. commissioned him to cruise in the Mediterranean, and in 1697, in consequence of his bravery, appointed him captain of the squadron during the French war with the Netherlands. Bart became by his unexampled feats of daring the terror of the enemy. On one occasion, a famine exist- ing in France, he recaptured from the Dutch 100 vessels loaded with grain. At another time, when Dunkirk was blockaded, taking advantage of a fog, he sailed through the Eng- lish and Dutch fleets, and destroyed 86 mer- chantmen; then making a descent near New- castle, he destroyed 200 houses, and returned safely with property valued at 500,000 crowns. He was married twice, and had 13 children. His elder son, FBAN<;OIS (born in 1677, died in 1755), became vice admiral. Jean's brother GASPAED was likewise a brave sailor, as were also other members of the family, the last of whom died in the French West Indies in 1843, with the rank of lieutenant. M. Vanderest's ffistoire de Jean Bart was adopted in 1841 as a text book in the maritime schools of France. A statue of Jean Bart was erected at Dunkirk in 1845. BARTAS, Gnillanme de Sallnstc dn, a French poet, born in Gascony in 1544, died in 1590 of wounds received at the battle of Ivry. His principal poem is La premih-e semaine, ou la creation, which passed through 30 editions in six years. It was translated into English by John Sylvester. The most complete edition of this now obsolete work is that of 1611 (2 vols., Paris). BiRTFELD (Hun. Bdrtfa), a town of North Hungary, in the county of Saros, on the river Topla, near the Galician frontier, 155 m. N. E. of Pesth; pop. in 1870, 5,303. It is an old royal free town, has a gymnasium, and car- ries on trade in wine, brandy, earthenware,