Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume II.djvu/344

 324 BARNWELL BAEODA the "Herald of Freedom," published in Dan- bnry, Oonn. In 1834 he removed to New York, his property having become much re- duced. Here he tried many ways to obtain a livelihood, but without success till 1835, when, hearing of Joyce Heth, a colored woman then on exhibition in Philadelphia as the reputed nurse of George Washington, he bought her for $1,000, and created some excitement by wide advertising, so that the receipts soon amounted to $1,500 a week. He now collected a small company and travelled through the country, realizing large sums. In 1836 Joyce Heth died, and a post-mortem examination proved her to have been but 75 or 80 years old, instead of 161, which was her reputed age. From 1836 to 1839 Mr. Barnum continued in the show business, but then returned to New York, again reduced to poverty. In 1841, although with- out a dollar of his own, he purchased the estab- lishment known as Scudder's American Muse- um, and in December took possession. At the end of a year he was able to pay for it, and in 1848 he had added to it two other extensive collections besides several minor ones. In 1842 Mr. Barnum first heard of Charles 8. Stratton of Bridgeport, then five years old, less than two feet high, and weighing only 16 pounds, who soon became known to the world under Mr. Barnum's direction as Gen. Tom Thumb, and was exhibited in the United States and Europe with great success. In 1849 Mr. Barnum, after much negotiation, engaged Jenny Lind to sing in America for 150 nights, at $1,000 a night. A concert company was formed to accompany her, and the gross receipts of the tour in 1850- '51 were over $700,000, upon which Mr. Bar- num made a large profit. In 1855, after hav- ing been connected with many enterprises be- sides those named, he built a villa at Bridge- port, retired from business, and published "The Life of P. T. Barnum, written by Himself." A full autobiography under the title of " Strug- gles and Triumphs " (8vo, Hartford), appeared in 1869. Unfortunate investments having made him a bankrupt in the latter part of 1857, he once more took charge of his old museum, and conducted it till 1865, when it was burned. Another which he opened was also burned. Since this event he has been interested in other enterprises in New York and in a travelling exhibition of animals and curiosities, and has retrieved his losses. He was an unsuccessful republican candidate for congress in Connec- ticut in 1868. Mr. Barnum has frequently ap- peared as a public lecturer on temperance and on the practical affairs of life, and has publish- ed, in addition to the above mentioned works, "The Humbugs of the World" (12mo, New York, 1865). BARNWELL, a S. W. county of South Caro- lina, bounded on the N. E. by the Edisto river, and separated from Georgia on the S. W. by the Savannah ; area, 1,550 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 85,724, of whom 22,146 were colored. Its S. portion is watered by the Big and Little Salkehatchie rivers. The surface is hilly, and the soil productive near the rivers. The chief productions in 1870 were 59,379 bushels of wheat, 781,054 of Indian corn, 70,106 of oats, 131,371 of peas and beans, 227,566 of sweet potatoes, 360,240 gallons of molasses, 24,910 bales of cotton, and 1,544,784 Ibs. of rice. Capital, Barnwell Court House. BABOCCIO, or Barocti, Florl Federigo, an Ital- ian painter, born at Urbinoin 1528, died there, Sept. 31, 1612. In his youth he studied the works of Titian, and in 1549 went to Borne to see those of Raphael. In 1560 he was intrust- ed by Pius IV. with the decoration of the Bel- vedere palace, and some of the Roman paint- ers, envious of his genius, invited him to a banquet, where they gave him poison. For four years he was not able to touch his pencil, and afterward could only work two hours a day. His later pictures are in the style of Correggio. His "Last Supper," " Descent from the Cross," "St. Francis stigmatized," " Christ and Mag- dalen," and "Annunciation" are among his best productions. BAROACH. See BROACH. BAROCHE, Pierre Jnles, a French statesman, born in Paris, Nov. 18, 1802. He became a lawyer, and had acquired great celebrity as an advocate particularly as the defender of Co- lombier, charged with complicity in the plot to assassinate the duke d'Aumale, and Joseph Henry, indicted for an attempt upon the life of Louis Philippe when in 1847 he was elected by the town of Rochefort to the chamber of deputies. He attached himself to the oppo- sition, and was one of those who signed the act of impeachment presented by Odilon Bar- rot against the Guizot cabinet, for prohibiting the reform banquet in the 12th arrondissement of Paris. Being elected a member of the con- stituent assembly, he was most emphatic in his declarations of fealty to the republic, but soon leaned toward the Bonapartists. Reflected to the legislative assembly in May, 1849, he was made by Louis Napoleon home secretary March 15, 1850, and a few days later changed this post for that of secretary for foreign affairs. He fa- vored the eovp d'etat of Dec. 2, 1851, and on the establishment of the empire was appointed vice president of the council of state. He was also one of the privy council nominated by im- perial decree of Feb. 1, 1858, for the purpose of forming a council of regency in the contin- gency of the emperor's death. In 1860 he was for a short time minister of foreign affairs, and in 1863 he was appointed minister of justice and public worship, retaining that office till July, 1869. Among his most important acts in this capacity were the publication of a de- cree forbidding the bishops to promulgate the papal syllabus in 1865, and a circular recom- mending the public prosecutors to observe great moderation in enforcing the new press law. He was created a senator in 1864. BARODAt I. A district in the province of Guzerat, British India, forming the territory