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 BARBES BARBOTJ 301 cinity ; but if this be true, it has not been ac- counted for. UAKBKS. Armand, a French revolutionist, born at Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe, Sept. 18, 1809, died at the Hague, June 26, 1870. He went to southern France as an infant, and was edu- cated for the bar. On the death of his father, who left him a large fortune, he went to Paris (1830), where he soon became conspicuous as a member of secret political societies. He was imprisoned for several months in 1834 on charges which were not substantiated. In 1 835 he was arrested on suspicion of complicity in Fieschi's attempt at regicide, and soon after- ward sentenced to a year's imprisonment for secretly making gunpowder. In 1839 he was sentenced to death as ringleader of an insurrec- tion which resulted in the murder of Lieut. Drouineau ; but his life was spared, and during his imprisonment he wrote Deux jours de con- damnation a mart (Paris, 1848; 2d ed., with a letter of Louis Blanc). He recovered his liberty after the revolution of 1848, and was elected to the constituent assembly. For a new attempt at insurrection in May of that year, with Hu- bert, Raspail, and Blanqui, he was sentenced to perpetual imprisonment at Belle-Isle-en-Mer. He refused to accept a pardon from the empe- ror Napoleon in 1854, and being turned out of prison he went to Paris and asked permission to return to jail ; but this being declined, he went to Spain, and afterward to Holland. BARBEYRAC, Jean, a French jurist, born at Beziers, March 15, 1674, died March 3, 1744. He was the son of a Calvinist minister, and on the revocation of the edict of Nantes was taken to Switzerland and educated there. He taught at Berlin and Lausanne, and finally settled at Groningen as a professor of international law. He is best known for his translations from the Latin writings on public law of Grotius, Pn- fendorf, and others, with commentaries. He also published a supplement to the Grand corps diplomatique, with notes (5 vols. fol., Amster- dam, 1739), and a Traite dujeu (2d ed., 1737). BARBIE Dl BOCAGE, Jean Denis, a French Geographer, born in Paris, April 28, 1760, led Dec. 28, 1825. He was a pupil of D'An- ville. He classified the documents brought by Choiseul-Gouffler from Greece, and attended from 1782 to 1824 to the publication of the Voyage pittoresyue de la Grece, which he illus- trated with many valuable maps. Meanwhile he drew up the maps attached to Barthelemy's "Travels of Anacharsis," published in 1788. In 1807 he completed an excellent map of the Morea, and wrote a curious Notice sur vn manuscrit de la bibliotheque du prince de Tal- leyrand, wherein he attempted to demonstrate that the eastern coast of Australia had been visited by the Portuguese as early as 1525. BARBIER. I. Antoine Alexandra, a French bib- liographer, born at Coulommiers, Jan. 11, 1765, died in Paris in December, 1825. He studied at the college of Meaux and took orders, but afterward renounced the priesthood and mar- ried. He removed to Paris in 1794, and was commissioned to collect the books and works of art belonging to the abolished convents, in order to place them in the ne ivly created pub- lic establishments. In 1798 he became librarian to the directory. Napoleon in 1807 made him his private librarian. In this capacity it was his duty to make reports on the most impor- tant works that were published. The libraries of the Louvre, Compiegue, and Fontainebleau were made up by him. After the return of the Bourbons he was superintendent of the private royal libraries till 1822, when he was suddenly discharged. His Noutelle libliotheque (fun homme de gout gives excellent directions for collecting a good library, and his Dictionnaire des outrages anonymes et pseudonymes is full of research, able criticism, and curious learning. He wrote many tracts and pamphlets on biblio- graphical subjects. II. KilniiiiKl Jean Franfols, a French jurist, born in Paris, Jan. 16, 1689, died Jan. 29, 1771. Hie principal claim to at- tention is founded on his interesting Journal Tiutorique et anecdotique du regne de Louis XV. (Paris, 1856), embracing a period of 44 years, from 1718 to 1762. It narrates many facts not found in the newspapers of the time. III. Henri Anguste, a French satirical poet, born in Paris, April 28, 1805. He was a jawyer, and his first poem, a satire called La curee, published just after the revolution of July, 1830, created a remarkable sensation by its boldness, original- ity, and roughness of language. Several oth- er poems of the same kind appeared in quick succession, La popularite and L'Idole among the number. They were collected, under the title lambes, in a volume which was eagerly sought for. His popularity afterward declined. II Pianto and Lazare obtained but moderate praise. His later works have been neglected ; and it has even been questioned whether he wrote the brilliant satires attributed to him in his youth. He translated Shakespeare's " Julius Cfflsar" in 1848. His latest works are Silnes (1864) and Trois passions (1867). He was cho- sen to the French academy in 1869. IV. Paul .liili>, a French dramatist, born in Paris in 1822. His first drama was Le Po'ete, produced with success at the Theatre Francais in 1847. He afterward wrote Amour et lergerie (1848), Andre Chenier (1849), Les derniers adieux (1851), La loterie du mariaye (1868), Jeanne ff Arc (1869), and many other dramas, come- dies, vaudevilles, &e. ; and in 1849 he became associated with M. Carre in furnishing Gounod with the texts for Faust, Romeo et Juliette, Le Medecin malgre lui, and La reine de Saba ; Ambroise Thomas with Hamlet, Mignon, and Psyche ; Victor Mass6 with Galathee and Lea noces de Jeannette ; and Meyerbeer with L( pardon de Ploermel. BARBIERI, Giovanni Franeesco. See GUERCINO. BARBOU, the- name of a family of French printers, distinguished for the correctness and elegance of their work. The first was JEAN, who in 1539 printed at Lyons a very correct