Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume II.djvu/289

 BANDINELLI BANGALORE 2G9 then postmaster general, was severely censured for his supposed share in their fate by opening anil disclosing their correspondence with Maz- zinl. In France, Descliamps and Louise Collet wrote poetry in their honor, and in Italy, Maz- zini's work on their martyrdom had a wide circulation, as well as Ricciardi's Storia del fratelli B. e consorti (Florence, 1863). IMMHMXl.l, Baffin, an Italian sculptor, born in Florence in 1487, died there in 1559. He was the son of an eminent goldsmith, studied sculpture and painting, and eventually devoted himself exclusively to the former art. Among his best works are a statue of Orpheus, copied from the Apollo Belvedere ; a group of Adam and Eve ; a copy of the famous group of the Laocoon, in regard of which he boasted of hav- ing surpassed the original, which gave rise to Michel Angelo's remark, Chi na dietro ad al- cuno, non puo mai passare inanzi, "He who follows another, can never pass before him;" the "Descent from the Cross," the "Martyr- dom of St. Lawrence," the " Massacre of the In- nocents," and the colossal Hercules and Cacus, besides many fine bass-reliefs. His works dis- play a great knowledge of anatomy and much fertility of imagination, but are deficient in grace and elasticity. He was of an envious nature, and was charged with having destroyed one of Michel Angelo's celebrated cartoons. He was patronized by the popes and by Charles V., and left a large fortune. BAlfDON. I. A river in the county Cork, Ire- land, rises in the Carberry mountains, near Dun- manway, and after an E., N. E., and S. E. course of 40 m. enters the Atlantic, forming Kinsale harbor. It is navigable for vessels of 200 tons to Innishannon, 10 m. inland. II. Or Bandon- bridge, a town of Ireland, county Cork, situated on both sides of the Bandon, 15 m. S. W. of Cork ; pop. in 1871, 6,074. It is well built of stone, has several schools, and was once a pros- perous manufacturing town. I! I Mil K K, or Bandtkie. I. Jerzy Samnel, a Po- lish historian, born in Lublin, Nov. 24, 1768, died in Cracow, June 11, 1835. He was edu- cated in Germany, was a private tutor in St. Petersburg, teacher and rector at Breslau, and librarian and professor in the university of Cra- cow. He wrote a Polish-German dictionary and grammar, a history of printing in Cracow and in Poland, and other works, the principal of which is his Dzieje naro/lu polskieyo (" His- tory of the Polish Nation," 3d ed., 2 vols., Breslau, 1835). II. Jan Wineenty, brother of the preceding, born in Lublin in 1783, died in Warsaw in 1861. He was for over 20 years professor of jurisprudence at the university of Warsaw, and published editions of the Jus Cul- mense (Warsaw, 1814), and the Jw> Polonieum (Breslau, 1831), and a history of Polish law (Higtorya prawa pohkiego, Warsaw, 1850). BASER, Julian, a Swedish general, born near Stockholm, June 23, 1595, died in Halberstadt, May 10, 1641. His father, one of the council- lors of Charles IX., gave that king some of- fence, and was executed at Linkoping in 1600. Under Gustavus Adolphus the son took an active part in the conflicts with Russia and Po- land, and in the thirty years' war, distinguished himself at Leipsic (1631), where he defeated the right wing of the imperialists under Pappen- heim, contributed toward the conquest of Augs- burg and Munich, became commander of an im- portant section of the Swedish army, and suc- ceeded in conjunction with Horn in expelling Aldringer from Bavaria. After the death of Gustavus Adolphus he was invested by Oxen- stierna with the supreme command of the army. He won a brilliant victory at Wittstock, Sept. 24, 1636, and a still more decisive triumph at Chemnitz in 1639, after which he overran and devastated the whole of Germany, his harsh and overbearing nature intensifying the calami- ties of the war. His attempt in 1641 to seize the emperor and diet at Ratisbon was frustrated by the difficulty of crossing the Danube. He was overtaken by illness on his return from the ex- pedition, and his death was attributed by some to poison and by others to his licentious and intemperate habits. He had few superiors in reckless daring and gallantry in the field. The king of France called him his cousin, and the emperor endeavored in vain to secure his ser- vices by offering him a princely title with Wal- lenstein's estates as a fief. BANFF, or Bamn", a parliamentary borough, seaport, and the chief town of BanfFshire, Scot- land, on the left bank of the Deveron (crossed by a fine stone bridge of seven arches), near the entrance of that river into the Moray frith, 117 m. N. of Edinburgh, and 38 m. N. W. of Aberdeen ; pop. in 1871, 7,439. It is a fine town, and has been a royal burgh since the end of the 14th century; thread, linen, hosiery, soap, and leather are manufactured. Herring, cod, and salmon fisheries are active, the salmon being sent to London, packed in ice. Corn and cattle are likewise exported. There are about 100 registered vessels. BANFFSHIRE, or Banff, a county in the N. of Scotland, bordering on Moray frith ; area, 686 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 62,010. The surface, more than half of which is uncultivated, is mountainous except near the coast ; Ben Mac Dhui (4,296 ft. high) and Cairngorm (4,090 ft.) lie partly within the county. The rivers Avon and Spey form portions of the western boun- dary, and the Deveron part of the eastern. The lowlands are fertile; cattle-breeding is the principal industry. Many of the inhabitants are engaged in fishing, weaving, bleaching, flax-dressing, tanning, and distilling. Cairns or tumuli are found in the county. BANG, or Banj, a narcotic made of the leaf of a kind of hemp (cannabis Indian), used by the orientals as a means of intoxication. It is generally chewed. It is also sometimes given with tobacco, or in coffee or other drinks, and is used to drug persons with. BANGALORE, a fortified city of southern In- dia, in the state of Mysore, 175 in. W. of Ma-