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 BADEN-BADEN 211 town has also dye works, and steel, brass, furniture, and other manufactories. II. A town of Switzerland, in the canton of Aargau, on the Limmat, 13 m. N. E. of Aarau ; pop. about 3,000. Its hot sulphur springs were well known to the Romans, who built a castle upon the site where the city now stands. The hottest and most celebrated of the springs is called Verenabad. The rocky heights on each side of the river form a portal through which the Limmat runs. Before the gorge was formed, the country above must have been a considerable -lake. The railway passes by a tunnel 800 feet long under the castle hill. Baden from the 15th to the beginning of the 18th century was the seat of the Swiss diet. In the town house of Baden Eugene of Savoy, who acted as representative of the em- peror of Austria, signed the final treaty of peace terminating the war of the Spanish succession, Sept. 7, 1714. BADEN-BADEN, a German watering place, in the grand duchy of Baden, situated on the Oos, at the foot of the Black Forest, 18 m. S. S. W. of Carlsruhe; permanent pop. in 1871, 10,083. There are nearly 30 hot springs, flowing from the rock at the foot of the castle terrace. The waters vary in temperature from 115 to 154 F., and are carried in pipes to the different baths throughout the town. A pint of water from the Ursprung, one of the hottest and most co- pious of the springs, weighs 7,392 grains, and contains 23-3 grains of solid matter, 16 of which consist of common salt, 6| of sulphate, muriate, and carbonate of lime, and the remainder of a small portion of magnesia, traces of iron, and about half a cubic inch of carbonic acid gas. The number of visitors to the baths has of late been about 50,000 a year, the season being at its height in July and August. There are nu- merous hotels and several public baths. The principal place of resort for visitors is the Con- Baden-Baden. versationshaiw, which is surrounded by pleasure grounds and contains an assembly room, res- taurant, library and reading room, and the for- merly so celebrated gaming tables, the licenses of which expired in 1872, and have not been renewed. The drives and promenades about the town are beautiful. There is a parish church containing the remains of the mar- graves of Baden, who resided here for several centuries, an English church built in 1867, and a Greek chapel. The remains of Roman vapor baths have been discovered just beneath the new castle. The picturesque ruins of the old castle of the margraves still crown the summit of the Schlossberg, and the new castle, the summer residence of the grand duke, stands lower down on the hill directly overlooking the town. It was founded in 1471, burned by the French in 1688, and subsequently restored. Beneath are curious dungeons connected with the old Roman baths, and in the upper part are portraits of the Baden family. BADEN-BADEN, Lndwlg Wilbelm I., margrave of, a German general, born in Paris, April 8, 1 655, died at Rastadt, Jan. 4, 1 707. Louis XIV. was his godfather. He served first under Mon- tecuculi against Turenne, and then under the duke of Lorraine. At the siege of Vienna by the Turks, in 1683, he threw his forces into the city, and by a brilliant sally effected a junction with King Sobieski and the duke of Lorraine, who had come to its relief. In 1689 he defeated the Turks at Nissa, and in 1691 at Salankamen. He also took an active part in the war against France in 1693, and after the death of Sobieski in 1696 aspired to the crown of Poland ; but the elector of Saxony was pre- ferred to him. He again commanded in the