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 120 AUEICH AURORA On the same day the French had been thor- oughly routed by another detachment of Fred- erick Charles's army near Chevilly and Chil- leurs, and driven either across or along the Loire above Orleans, thus splitting the army of the Loire into two portions. D'Aurelle was removed from his command. He refused the command of the camp of Cherbourg, as well as the appointment of successor to Gen. Chanzy. As member of the national assembly at Bordeaux he opposed the continuation of the war, and was one of the committee of fif- teen appointed to assist Thiers and Favre in arranging the preliminaries of the treaty of peace. He became commander-in-chief of the national guard of the department of the Seine, and in 1872 a member of the court martial for'the trial of Marshal Bazaine. Al ItH'll, a town of Germany, in the Prussian province of Hanover, capital of an administra- tive division of the same name, and formerly capital of the principality of East Friesland, 60 m. N. W. of Bremen; pop. in 1871, 4,261. It has a castle which was formerly the resi- dence of the prince of East Friesland, a college (gymnasium), and a normal school. AURIFABER, the Latinized name of JOHANN GOLDSOHMIED, Or GOLDSOHMIDT, OU6 of the companions of Luther, born near Mansfeld in 1519, died at Erfurt in 1579. He studied at Wittenberg, and became Luther's amanuensis in 1545. In the Smalcaldic war he was chap- lain to a Saxon regiment, and in 1551 court chaplain of the elector of Saxony, but he be- came involved in theological disputes and was removed in 1562. He collected the unpub- lished manuscripts of Luther, and was one of the collaborators of the Jena edition of the re- former's works. He edited the Epistolce Lu- theri and the "Table Talk." In 1566 he be- came pastor at Erfurt. Al HILL AC, a town of southern France, capi- tal of the department of Cantal, in a valley on the Jourdanne, here spanned by a fine bridge, about 60 m. S. by W. of Clermont ; pop. in 1866, 10,998. It is well built, with wide streets, kept clean by the overflowing of a large reservoir, into which two fountains dis- charge. The old buildings include the castle of St. Stephen, the church of St. G6raud, the church of Notre Dame of the 13th century, and the college, which contains a valuable library and a cabinet of mineralogy. The manu- factures are copper utensils, jewelry, woollen stuffs, blondes, laces, and paper. Aurillac was founded in the 9th century. The wall former- ly surrounding it has been destroyed. The town suffered much in the wars of the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries. AI'BIOL, a French borough in the depart- ment of Bouches-du-Rhone, 16 m. N. E. of Marseilles; pop. in 1866, 5,182. It has manu- factories of flags, and near it are coal mines. Al KIVII.LII s, Karl, a Swedish orientalist, born at Stockholm in 1717, died in 1786. He mastered the Syriac, Arabic, Sanskrit, and other oriental languages. After 1754 he re- sided at Upsal, at first giving private instruc- tion in the poetry of different nations, and in 1772 was appointed professor of oriental lan- guages in the university. He succeeded Lin- naaus as member of the academy of sciences in Upsal, and was an active member of the com- mission for preparing a new translation of the Bible into Swedish. AUROCHS, the bos luon of Europe, one of the contemporaries of the mammoth (elephat primigeniwi), an animal of the ox family, once abundant, but now existing only in the forests of Lithuania belonging to the czar of Russia, and possibly in the Caucasus. It would long ago have become extinct but for the protection of man. The ure-ox (B. uriis or B. primi- genius), found in the post-tertiary deposits, is believed to be the same as was described by Csesar in his Commentaries as abounding in the forests of Germany ; it existed in Switzer- land as late as the 16th century. Both species are found abundantly in the post-tertiary of Europe, and corresponding species in America, and no doubt furnished a large share of the food of prehistoric man. AURORA (in Greek, Eos), the goddess of the morning, was the daughter of Hyperion and Thia, the wife of Astrteus, and the mother of the winds. She carried off Orion to the island of Ortygia, and detained him there till he was slain by Diana. She bore away Cephalus, and had by him a son named Phnethon. To Ti- thonus, son of Laomedon, king of Troy, she bore Memnon and yEmathion. Aurora is some- times represented in a saffron-colored robe, with a wand or torch in her right hand, emerging from a golden palace, and ascending her chariot ; sometimes in a flowing veil, which she is in the act of throwing back, opening the gates of morning ; and sometimes as a nymph, wearing a garland and standing in a chariot drawn by winged horses, with a torch in one hand and flowers in the other, which she scat- ters as she goes.