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 AUENBRUGGER AUERSPERG 105 with his sons, Victor Gilford and John Wood- house, wlio both inherited much of bis talent as an artist as well as a naturalist^ a new course of travel. But the approach of old age induced his friends to dissuade him from the more toilsome expeditions which he thought necessary to complete this scheme. A great deal of the labor was performed for him by his friend Dr. Bachman, of Charleston, S. 0., and he was largely assisted in the other depart- ments by his sons. He died before the work was ended. His sons completed and published the "Quadrupeds of America," in folio and imperial octavo volumes, uniform with the two editions of the " Birds," but died without exe- cuting their cherished design of writing a biog- raphy of their father. Mrs. Audubon, now (1873) upward of 80 years of age, prepared, with the aid of a friend, a memoir which ap- peared in New York in 1869, entitled " The Life of John James Audubon the Naturalist," accompanied by a portrait after Henry Inman's well known picture, and a view of Audubon's residence. The work was also published in London. Audubon was a fellow of the Lin- noean and zoological societies of London, of the natural history society of Paris, of the Wer- nerian society of Edinburgh, of the lyceum of natural history at New York, and an honorary member of the society of natural history at Manchester, of the royal Scottish academy of painting, sculpture, and architecture, and of many other scientific bodies. AI KMSIU <.<;KK vo. AIEVBRIG (often called AVENBBDGGEB), Leopold, the inventor of the method of investigating internal diseases by percussion, borninGratz, Styria, Nov. 19, 1722, died in Vienna, May 18, 1809. He was physi- cian to the Spanish hospital in Vienna, and first made known his discovery in a treatise entitled Inventum Novum ex Percusiione Tho- racic Humani Interni Pectoris Morbos Dete- gendi (Vienna, 1761), which was translated into French by Roziere (1770), and again by Cor- visart (1808), and into English by Dr. John Forbes (1824.) (See AUSCULTATION.) l Klti: U II, Berthold, a German author, of Jewish parentage, born at Nordstetten in the Black Forest, Feb. 28, 1812. He studied theol- ogy and jurisprudence at Tubingen, and phi- losophy and history at Munich and Berlin. His earliest historical novels treat of Judaism, as Spinoza (2 vols., Stuttgart, 1837), and Dichter und Kitnfmann (2 vols., 1839); and in 1841 he published a German translation of Spinoza's works in 5 vols., with a highly appreciative biographical notice. Subsequently he became celebrated by his descriptions of German vil- lage life, remarkable for an abundance of phil- osophical reflections and poetical feeling, es- pecially by his Schwarzwalder Dorfgesehichten (-t vols., 1843-'54; English translation, "Black Forest Village Stories, " 1869) ; his popular polit- ical almanac, Der G-evattersmann (1845-'8; re- published in Schatzkaatlein des Gevattertmanns, 1856) ; Schrift und Volk (1846) ; Neues Leben (1851) ; and still more by his SarfAssele (1856 ; English translation, "Little Barefoot," 1867); Joseph im ScJinee (I860 ; English translation, "Joseph in the Snow," 1867); Edelweiss (1861 ; English translation, 1869) ; Avf der Hohe (1865 ; English translation, " On the Heights," 1868) ; and Das Landhaus am Rhein (1869), of which there are several English translations under the titles of " Villa Eden " and "Villa on the Rhine." The tale, Die Frau Professorin (1848 ; English translation, "The Professor's Lady," new ed., 1871), used by Madame Birch-Pfeiffer in her drama, Dorf und Stadt, is regarded as one of his most characteristic works. A number of his tales were published in an English translation in 1869 under the title of " German Stories," and in French in 1853 under that of Contes d 1 Auer- bach. There are various other translations from his works in English, French, Dutch, and Swedish. He has also written a tragedy, Andree Hofer (Leipsic, 1850), and a drama, Der Wahlspruch (1856), but they were not as successful as his tales. His principal political work is Tagebuch aus Wien (Breslau, 1849 ; English translation, " Events in Vienna," Lon- don, 1849). Since 1858 he has edited in Ber- lin a popular almanac, Deutscher VolksTcalen- der, and he chiefly resides in that city. A new edition of his complete works was pub- lished in Stuttgart in 1871. During the Franco- German war he accompanied for some time one of the German princes, and wrote letters for a German newspaper. AUERBACH, Heinrich, a medical professor and senator in Leipsic, born in 1482, died in 1543. His real name was Stromer, but he adopted the name of his native town, Auerbach, in Ba- varia, and in 1530 erected a large building in Grimma street, Leipsic, which is still known as the Auerbachshof. Auerbach was a friend of Luther, and when the discussions between the reformer and Eck took place at Leipsic, he of- fered to his friend the use of his house and table. A principal feature of the Auerbachs- hof is the cellar in which Luther drank, and out of which, according to popular tradition, Dr. Faust rode upon a barrel, an event illus- trated by a painting which still decorates the subterranean walls. AUERSPERG, Anton Alexander, count (popular- ly known as ANASTASIUS GBUN, his nom de plume), a German poet, born at Laybach, April 11, 1806. He belongs to an ancient family which originated in Swabia, and subsequently settled in Carniola, where it acquired extensive estates. He early became prominent in the lib- eral party of Austria, was a member of the Frankfort preliminary parliament, and of the national assembly in the same city (1848), in which he was esteemed eloquent, and took a conspicuous part in the diet of Carniola from 1861 to 1867, after which his ultra-German ten- dencies made his position in that assembly so unpleasant that he procured his election to the diet of Styria. Since 1861 he has been a