Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume I.djvu/638

 602 APPLETON used in the United States. In 1821 he became one of the founders of the Merrimack manu- facturing company, from which originated the city of Lowell ; and he was the projector and chief proprietor of the Hamilton company. He was distinguished as a steady advocate of the protective system. In 1815 he entered the legislature, and was several times re- elected. In 1830 he was chosen a represen- tative in congress from Boston, and during the first session opposed McDuffie's report on the tariff, in a speech characterized by Mr. Webster as "a model of close reasoning on an abstruse subject." In 1842 he was again elected to congress, and aided in securing the passage of the protective tariff bill of that year ; but after the close of a single session he resigned his seat. His little treatise entitled "Remarks on Currency and Banking" (en- larged edition, 1857), has been pronounced " almost worthy of being studied in the schools as an elementary manual." He also published an account of the introduction of the power loom and the origin of the city of Lowell. He accumulated a large estate, and was noted for his integrity and philanthropy. APPLETON, Samuel, an American merchant and philanthropist, brother and partner of the preceding, born in New Ipswich, N. II., June 22, 1766, died in Boston, July 12, 1853. His opportunities for study were confined to the dis- trict schools, and at the age of 17 he becama himself a teacher. In 1794 he established himself in trade in Boston. He was for many years a heavy importer of English goods, and at a later period largely engaged in the cot- ton manufacture. At his death his fortune amounted to nearly $1,000,000, and he had given away nearly as much as that during his lifetime. He endowed the academy at New Ipswich with a fund which secured its perma- nence, and founded the professorship of natural philosophy of Dartmouth college, with a gift of $10,000. In his old age he became more and more absorbed with a desire to relieve the suf- ferings of the poor, and intrusted physicians and others with large sums for that purpose. By his will he placed property to the amount of $200,000 in the hands of his executors, "to be by them applied, disposed of, and distrib- uted, for scientific, literary, religious, and chari- table purposes." APPLING, a S. E. county of Georgia, bounded N. and E. by the Altamaha river, and drained by the affluents of the Santilla; area, 1,060 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 5,086, of whom 976 were colored. It has railroad communication with Brunswick and Macon. The surface is level and sandy. In 1870 the county produced 63,063 bushels of corn, 39,508 of oats, 38,106 of sweet potatoes, 48,500 Ibs. of rice, 12,509 gallons of molasses, and 152 bales of cotton. Capital, Holmesville. APPOLD, J. George, an English inventor, born in 1799, died at Clifton, Aug. 31, 1864. The paying-out apparatus used in laying submarine APPONY1 telegraphs was chiefly his invention. His cen- trifugal pumps for drainage purposes attracted much attention at the international exhibitions of 1851 and 1862. In his own house and its surroundings almost everything was automatic, doors and shutters opening and closing mechan- ically. He had also secured a monopoly as a dresser of furs by a secret process. APPOMATTOX, a county of Virginia S. E. of the centre of the state, bounded N. W. by the James river, and drained by the sources of the Appomattox ; area, 260 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 8,950, of whom 4,536 were colored. The sur- face is diversified and covered with forests, and the soil is fertile. The county is inter- sected by the Atlantic, Mississippi, and Ohio railroad, running from Norfolk to Bristol. In 1870 the county produced 83,825 bushels of wheat, 76,708 of corn, 65,858 of oats, and 656,944 Ibs. of tobacco. Capital, Appomattox Court House, or Clover Hill. APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE, a village, capi- tal of Appomattox county, Va. (locally called Clover Hill), 20 m. E. of Lynchburg. On April 9, 1865, Gen. Lee here surrendered the army of northern Virginia to Gen. Grant. Of this army only 27,805 remained. The rest had been killed and taken prisoners, or had deserted, during the battles around Richmond, and after its evacuation on the 2d. There were delivered 350 wagons, about 10,000 mus- kets, and 30 pieces of artillery. APPOMATTOX RIVER rises in Appomattox and Prince Edward's counties, Va., and flows circuitously E. about 120 m. to the James river at City Point. It has a narrow and deep chan- nel, and is navigable for vessels of 100 tons to Petersburg, about 12 m. from its mouth. By a canal round the falls at Petersburg, vessels of four or five tons ascend to Farmville, about 80 m. further. APPONYI, one of the oldest noble families of Hungary, several members of which have achieved considerable prominence in the Hun- garian or Austrian service, among them the following: I. Gydrgy Aiit.il. count, born in 1751, officiated as member of the royal lieutenancy in Buda, and subsequently as lord-lieutenant of the county of Tolna, but chiefly distin- guished himself as founder of the Apponyi library, a large and valuable collection, opened to the public in Presburg in 1827, ten years after his death. II. Antal, son of the preced- ing, born in 1782, was equally remarkable as a patron of literature and art and as a diplomat- ist, serving successively, as a representative of Austria, at the courts of St. James, Rome, and Paris. He died in 1852. III. Rndolf, the son of the preceding, born in 1812, chose the ca- reer of his father, was appointed Austrian min- ister at Turin in 1849, transferred to London in 1856, made ambassador there in 1860, and relieved in 1871 by Count Beust, when he was sent by Count Andrassy as ambassador to Con- stantinople. IV. GyBrgy, cousin of the preceding and grandson of Gy6rgy Antal, born in 1808,