Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume I.djvu/604

 668 ANTIOCHUS In 1866 George W. Hosmer, D. D., of Buffalo, N. Y., was chosen president, but resigned the office in 1872, and was succeeded by Prof. Ed- ward Orton. The education of the two sexes together has proved successful. About one third of the pupils have been women, and the moral tone of the students has been excellent. The average number in attendance in all depart- ments for the last five years has been about 165. The highest cost of tuition in the college course is $30 a year. There are seven professors and four assistant female teachers. The college has an endowment of $103,000. By a recent vote of the board of trustees, an offer is made to the high schools of Ohio of free tuition to one young man and one young woman in each school yearly, who shall be well prepared to enter the freshman class. A preparatory school and a musical institute are attached to the col- lege, and under the supervision of the faculty. ANTIOCHUS, the name of several kings of Syria, of whom the following are the most im- portant in its history: I. Antiodius I., Soter, born about 325 B. C., died in 261. He was the son of Seleucus Nicator and Apama, the daughter of the Persian satrap Artabazus. At the battle of Ipsus lie commanded the cavalry of his father, and was routed by Demetrius Poliorcetes. He fell ill through love for his stepmother Stratonice, and his father not only abandoned to him the object of his desire, but abdicated a portion of his dominions in his fa- vor. He joined his father in his expeditions into the countries lying between the Indus and the Caspian. On the assassination of Se- leucus in Thrace (280) he inherited all his do- minions. In his reign a division of the Gauls, who had ravaged Macedonia, Hellas, and Thrace, penetrated into Asia Minor, and set- tled permanently in northern Phrygia, subse- quently known as Galatia. Antiochus gained a brilliant victory over them in 275, from which he took his surname of Soter (Saviour). He disputed the throne of Macedon with An- tigonus Gonatas, the son of Demetrius Polior- cetes ; but the matter was arranged by Anti- gonus retaining the throne and marrying the daughter of Antiochus. After an unsuccessful war with Eumenes, king of Pergamus, he put to death his eldest son, Ptolemy, who had re- volted against him. He was killed by a Gaul in a battle near Ephesus. II. Antlochns HI., the Great, son of Seleucus Callinicus and Laodicea, born about 238 B. C., slain in 187. He suc- ceeded his brother Seleucus Ceraunus at a time when his kingdom was in a disorganized con- dition. After reducing a revolt of the govern- ors of Media and Persia, and of Artabazanes, governor of Atropatene, he was defeated by Ptolemy Philopator near Gaza (217) in an at- tempt to secure possession of Coele-Syria and Palestine, but recovered his laurels by suppress- ing the rebellion of his cousin Achaeus, whom he besieged in Sardis, captured by treachery, and put to death, thus reannexing a consider- able portion of Asia Minor to the Syrian mon- archy (214). In pursuance of his scheme of restoring his kingdom to the position it held at the death of its founder, Seleucus Nicator, he turned his arms against Parthia, and reduced Arsaces III. to vassalage. He was unsuccessful against Euthymedus, king of Bactria. Crossing the mountains of Paropamisus (Hindoo Koosh) into India, he made a treaty of alliance with the king of the Punjaub, and directed his march homeward through the provinces of Arachosia, Drangiana, and Carmania, and reestablished the Syrian supremacy in those regions. For this seven years' expedition he received from his sub- jects the surname of the Great. Soon after his re- turn to Antioch (205), Ptolemy Philopator died, and his son Ptolemy Epiphanes, then five years old, succeeded to the throne of Egypt. Anti- ochus thereupon entered into an alliance with Philip of Macedon to overrun and partition Egypt. He quickly gained possession of Pales- tine and Coele-Syria, and after a great victory near Paoeas was received by the Jews in Jerusa- lem with great enthusiasm. Learning the defeat of his ally Philip by the Romans at Cynoscepha- Iffl in 197, he made peace with Ptolemy, pro- ceeded with a fleet along the coast of Asia Minor, reducing many of the Greek cities there, crossed the Hellespont, and took possession of the Thracian Chersonese. The Roman senate i sent an ambassador in 196 to demand that he should restore what he had taken from Philip and Ptolemy, whose guardianship the Roman people had just assumed. . They also demanded immunity for their ally Attalus, king of Per- gamus. Antiochus replied that as he did not seek to interfere with what the Romans did in Italy, they must not trouble him in Asia. In the following year (195) Hannibal, driven from Carthage, took refuge with Antiochus at Ephesus. Hannibal's advice was to carry the war immediately into Italy, but Antiochus did not move till 192. Then he crossed over into Greece at the invitation of the ^Etolions, who were in arms against the Romans. He brought only 10,000 men with him, but was chosen com- mander-in-chief by the ^Etolian assembly, and began by making Philip of Macedon his enemy instead of his friend. After capturing Euboea, instead of pressing forward, he wasted his time in treating about the surrender of a number of little cities, fell in love with a Euboean damsel and married her, and spent the winter at Chal- cis in a round of dissipation, in which his army shared. The Roman consul Acilius Glabrio, with Cato for his legate, now advanced upon him. He made a stand at Thermopylae, was entirely routed, and barely escaped with his new wife (191). The next year Lucius Corne- lius Scipio took the conduct of the war, with his brother Africanus as his lieutenant. Dis- heartened and panic-struck by the defeat of his fleet, Antiochus withdrew his troops from Ses- tos and Abydos, and the other fortified mari- time cities of Asiatic Greece, which might have held the Romans in check. Thus the lat- ter had free passage into Asia. The two ar-