Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume I.djvu/576

 544 ANT-EATEE lata), the tamanoir of the Portuguese, is about 4 feet long, with a bushy tail of 2$ feet more, the head being more than a foot long; the height at the shoulder is about 3i feet, and at the croup 5 inches less. The claws are 2-J- inches long/sharp-pointed, with cutting edges, but so directed that they are comparatively use- less as weapons of defence or offence, and ap- plicable only to the motions of tearing down ant hills; there are 4 on the fore feet and 5 on the hind. The tongue may be protruded to the length of 18 inches. The hair is long and coarse, brown mixed with gray at the head, and with white on the body and tail ; the throat is black, with a broad stripe of this color, bor- dered with a narrower white one, running over the shoulders to the rump; arms and thighs silvery white, and hind legs black ; breast and under parts brown. The claws when not in use are folded against a callous pad in the palms and soles. Though large and powerful, it is very stupid and inoffensive, and allows itself to be overpowered by the meanest enemies, which it could easily hug and tear to death, did it know enough to exert its great strength. It is wholly terrestrial, unable to climb trees from the structure of the claws and the absence of prehensile power in its uncommonly plumy tail ; it makes no burrow, covering its body when at rest by the tail, which, with its long mane, makes the creature resemble a bundle of coarse loose hay. The female has a single young one, which she carries on her back long after it can provide for itself. Its food consists exclusively of ants ; it obtains them by tearing open the hills, and drawing its glutinous tongue over the insects, at the rate, it is said, of two protrusions in a second. The flesh of the ant bear is black and of a musky flavor, but it is eaten by the Indians and negroes, and at times even by the European colonists. It is a native of South America, from Colombia to Paraguay, and from the shores of the Atlantic to the foot of the Andes; but it is nowhere a numerous species, being rarely seen even in its native re- gions. Like all animals using a purely insect diet, it is capable of enduring a total deprivation of food for almost incredible periods. The tamandua, M. tamandua, does not exceed the size of a large cat. Its head is less dispropor- tionately long, but is of the same cylindrical form with that of the larger animal, with which also correspond the formation of its anterior and posterior extremities, the construction and number of its toes, and the shape and form of its claws. The most remarkable difference be- tween the two animals lies in their tails, that of the tamandua, which is a purely sylvan ani- mal, living exclusively in trees and never found on the ground, being bare on the inferior side and of singular prehensile power. The hair over the whole body of the tamandua is uni- form, short, crisp, and shining, a sort of silky wool standing out from the body ; and it varies much in color in different individuals. The female has but two pectoral mammae, and bears ANTELOPE but one young one at a birth, which is of a light straw color and very ugly. The taman- dua feeds on termites, ants, honey, and even bees, which in those countries make their hives in the topmost branches of the forest trees, and are stingless. It is a native of tropical Ameri- ca. The little or two-toed ant-eater, cycto- ihurus didactylus, is not larger than the com- mon squirrel. It has but four toes on its hind feet, and two on the fore feet. Its whole length, from the snout to the insertion of the tail, is but 6 inches ; the length of the head is not quite 2 inches, while that of the tail is about 9. In general form it resembles the ta- mandua, but its muzzle is shorter and less tapering. Its ears are short and drooping, and are nearly concealed among the fur, which is long on the head and cheeks. The hair on the body and sides is long, soft, and glossy, much shorter on the tail, of a uniform light straw color, tinged with maroon along the back, where it has a strongly marked line. The tail is bare of fur at the under surface toward the end, and is very prehensile. The ribs are very broad and flat, overlapping each other. It lives in trees, having many of the habits of squirrels ; it feeds on the larvae of wasps and other insects, which it picks out of their nests with great dexterity. Like other ant-eaters, it is nocturnal in its habits, being fond of sleeping by day with its tail securely twisted around a branch. It has four mammae, two pectoral and two abdominal, and bears but one offspring at a birth. Its native countries are Guiana and Brazil ; further south it is unknown. ANTELOPE, an animal of the family antilopece, ruminating mammalia, with hollow horns, con- ical, bent back, cylindrical or compressed, ringed at the base. The occipital plane forme an obtuse angle with the frontal plane. The core of their horns is thin, consisting of a dense bone, often with a clear sinus at the base within. Teats two or four. Feet pits in the hind feet, and generally in the fore feet also. Perhaps the most certain characteristic of the antelopes is the cylindrical and annulated form of their horns, which are never angular, or provided with prominent longitudinal ridges, like those of the sheep and goats. They are also generally distinguished by having the lach- rymal sinuses peculiar to the solid-horned an- imals of the cervine family, and possessed by the antelope alone of the hollow-horned rumi- nants, though not by all the species. In other respects, the different species of antelopes vary as widely as can be conceived. Many approach the deer so closely that the hornless females of the two families can hardly be distin- guished apart ; although the difference would appear on dissection, the true solid-horned deer being possessed of neither gall bladder nor gall duct, which belong to all the hollow-horned ruminants. They are the fleetest, as they are the most beautiful and most graceful of quad- rupeds. They are, generally speaking, both gre- garious and migratory, occasionally uniting in