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 ANSPACH ANSTEY 539 and formerly of the principality of Anspach- Baireuth, which gave the title of margrave to a branch of the house of Brandenburg. The town is situated at the junction of the Holz- bach with the Lower Rezat, in the government of Middle Franconia, 24 m. W. S. W. of Nurem- berg; pop. hi 1871, 12,635. It has a beautiful castle, a picture gallery, a library, manufactures of surgical instruments, cutlery, cotton, wool- len, and silk stuffs, leather, earthenware, white lead, tobacco, cards, parchment, &c., and a trade in wool, flax, and grain. It owes its origin to the monastery of St. Gunibert, found- ed here in the 8th century. The last margrave, Christian Frederick Charles Alexander, son of the duchess of Baireuth, the sister of Frederick the Great, and nephew of Queen Caroline, the wife of George II., was born in 1736 and died in 1806. He spent most of his life in travel and gallantry, married the celebrated Lady Craven (see next article), and left a name re- nowned in the scandalous chronicles of the continent. In 1790 he sold his principality to Prussia for about $300,000. ANSPACH, Elizabeth, margravine of, youngest daughter of the fourth earl of Berkeley, born in December, 1750, died in Naples in January, 1828. She was married in her 17th year to Mr. Craven, afterward earl of Craven. She then had beauty, fascinating manners, and much talent. After having been married 13 years, during which time she had seven chil- dren, she separated from her husband, pro- ceeded on a very extensive tour, visiting Italy, Austria, Greece, Turkey, Poland, and Russia, and was received with eclatby several crowned heads. Finally she went to reside at Anspach, where she established a theatre, wrote plays and directed their performance, and became an important personage with the margrave, whose wife was generally confined to her chamber by ill health, and soon after died. Lady Craven continued a visitor at Anspach, and accompa- nied the margrave on his excursions to other courts and his tours through Italy, England, and Portugal. Lord Craven died in Septem- ber, 1791, and his widow was soon afterward married at Lisbon to the margrave, in a very ostentatious manner. Returning to England, her three daughters refused to see her, "out of respect to their father," her eldest son neg- lected her, and her brother, Lord Berkeley, reproached her for marrying again so soon after her late husband's death. Her reply was, that "it was six weeks after Lord Craven's decease that she gave her hand to the mar- grave, which she should have done six hours after had she known it at the time." Queen Charlotte intimated that she could not be re- ceived at court, and refused to grant an audi- ence to the margrave, who had settled in Eng- land, purchasing Brandenburg house, in the suburbs of London, subsequently so well known as the residence of Queen Caroline. In 1802 the margravine received a patent from the emperor of Germany, creating her Princess Berkeley ; but the queen of England still de- clined seeing her. In 1806 the margrave died, aged 70, leaving 150,000 to his widow. After wandering over Europe, she finally settled at Naples. Her latter years, spent in literary re- tirement, were respectable. She wrote several farces and musical pieces, and was an accom- plished composer. She published "Memoirs of the Margravine of Anspach, formerly Lady Craven, written by Herself" (2 vols., London 1825), which is only an apology for her life. Among her other works were two volumes of travels in Europe and the East, in letters to the margrave before their marriage. ANSTED, Darid Thomas, an English physicist, born in London in 1814. He was educated at Cambridge, and has been professor of geology at King's college, London, and the college of civil engineers at Putney. During the last 25 years he has been principally engaged on works illus^ trating the application of geology to engineer- ing and mining. Besides several treatises on geology and related subjects, he has published "Scenery, Science, and Art" (1854), "The Channel Islands" (1862), "Correlation of the Natural History Sciences " (1863), "The Ionian Islands" (1863), and "Physical Geography" (4th ed., 1870). He has also contributed largely to the scientific reviews ; and while vice presi- dent of the geological society he edited several volumes of their quarterly review. As a con- sulting engineer he has a high reputation. ANSTER, John, an Irish poet, born at Charle- ville, in the county of Cork, about 1798, died in June, 1867. He was educated at Trinity college, Dublin, and published in 1819 a volume of " Poems and Translations from the German." These were favorably reviewed in "Black- wood's Magazine," to which some of them had been originally contributed, and gained for him the friendship and encouragement of Coleridge. By his advice, Anster completed his version of Goethe's "Faust," specimens of which had already appeared in "Blackwood." Mr. An- ster was called to the Irish bar in 1824, and was for some time regius professor of civil law in the university of Dublin. He published a second volume of "Poems and Translations" in 1837, and an "Introductory Lecture on the Study of the Civil Law " in 1849. ANSTEY, Christopher, an English satirical poet, bornatBrinkley, Cambridgeshire, Oct. 31, 1724, died at Chippenham in 1805. He is only re- membered for his amusing satire called " The New Bath Guide," the profit on the sale of which was declared by Dodsley to be greater than he had ever gained in the same period from any other book. The principal targets for the writer's shafts are physicians and Meth- odists. Smollett borrowed largely from this poem in " Humphrey Clinker." ANSTEY, Thomas Chisholm, an English author, born in London in 1816. He was called to the bar in 1839, removed to Ireland, was member of parliament for Youghal from 1847 to 1852, and from 1854 to 1858 was attorney general