Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume I.djvu/520

 488 ANDROS some of his physical, metaphysical, and logical treatises, all of which have perished. ANDROS, an island of Greece, in the archipel- ago the northernmost of the Cyclades, 21 by 8m pop. in 1870, 19,674. It is mountainous, but has many fertile valleys, yielding wine, oil, silk, oranges, citrons, &c. Andro, or Cas- tro the capital, is situated on a shallow har- bor on the E. coast; pop. 5,000. The Andri- ans submitted to the Persians in the invasion of Greece by Xerxes, and subsequently, after some resistance, to the Athenians. Still later, the island was successively annexed to Mace- don, Pergamus, and Rome. ANDROS, an island of the Bahamas, giving name to a small group of islands which are but thinly inhabited, and the passages between which are intricate and difficult. The main island, 20 m. W. of New Providence, is of irregular shape, 65 m. long and 45 m. wide. It is chiefly composed of salt-water marshes and fresh-water swamps, in which there are a few elevated oases bearing excellent cedar tim- ber. It has a population of about 800, nearly all colored, a school, and the privilege of send- ing one member to the Bahamas assembly. ANDROS, Sir Edmund, an English colonial governor, born in London, Dec. 6, 1637, died there, Feb. 24, 1714. He was brought up at court, his father being an officer of the royal household. He was a major in Prince Ru- pert's dragoons, and in 1674 succeeded his father as bailiff of Guernsey. In the same year he was commissioned governor of New York, and received its surrender by the Dutch after their brief repossession of it. He admin- istered its affairs' in the interest of the duke of York, was involved in controversies with the surrounding colonies and with the French in Canada by his extensive claims to jurisdic- tion, and in 1680 seized the government of East Jersey, deposing Philip Carteret. He was recalled to England in 1681, cleared him- self of several charges preferred against him, and retired to Guernsey. New England hav- ing been consolidated, Andros was appointed its governor general in 1686, under instructions which, while establishing religious toleration, forbade all printing, and authorized him to appoint and remove his own council, and with their consent to enact laws, levy taxes, and control the militia. Carrying out these in- structions in a despotic manner, his govern- ment soon became very odious to the colonists. Connecticut having held out against him, he appeared in the council chamber at Hartford with an armed guard in October, 1687, and demanded the surrender of its charter, which is said to have been prevented by its sudden removal and concealment in a hollow tree afterward celebrated as the charter oak. Con- temporary documents, however, seem to prove that no such event occurred, that Andros really possessed himself of the original charter, and tbet a duplicate had been concealed some time previously. (See Brodhead's "History of New ANDUJAR York," vol. ii., pp. 472-'3.) In 1688 New York and New Jersey were added to his juris- diction, and Francis Nicholson was appointed lieutenant governor there. On the news of the revolution in England, the people of Bos- ton imprisoned Andros and several of his officers, April 18, 1689, and the New England colonies restored their former governments, while Jacob Leisler usurped authority in New York. (See LEISLEB.) In July he was sent to England by order of King William, with a committee of accusers, but was acquitted with- out a formal trial. In 1692 he was made gov- ernor of Virginia, where he made himself com- paratively popular, but was removed in 1698 through the influence of Commissary Blair. In 1704-'6 he was governor of Guernsey. In 1691 Andros published a narrative of his pro- ceedings in New England, which was repub- lished in 1773. ANDROSCOGGIN, a 8. W. county of Maine ; area, 400 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 35,866. It has a fertile soil, and in agriculture ranks among the foremost in the state. The productions in 1 870 were 7,800 bushels of wheat, 72,344 of corn, 20,404 of barley, 96,413 of oats, 371,391 of po- tatoes, 48,605 Ibs. of wool, 559,213 of butter, 179,858 of cheese, and 50,787 tons of hay. The county has fine water power at Lewiston, produced by the junction of the Androscoggin and Little Androscoggin rivers, and there are numerous manufacturing establishments. The Portland branch of the Grand Trunk railroad, and the Maine Central and other lines, traverse the county. In 1870 there were 8,182 children attending school. Capital, Auburn. ANDROSCOGGIN, or Ameriseoggln, a river of New Hampshire and Maine. It is formed in Coos county, N. H., near the Maine boundary, by the union of the Margalloway river with the outlet of Umbagog lake, flows S. to the White mountains, and making a sharp bend to the E. about lat. 44 20', enters the state of Maine, and joins the Kennebec river at Merry Meeting bay, about 18 m. above the entrance of that river into the ocean. Its length is 157 m., 66 of which are in New Hampshire. ANDRYANA, Alexandra, a French champion of Italy, born in 1797, died in January, 1863. He was an officer of the French army till 1814, and subsequently joining the Italian revolu- tionists, he became a fellow prisoner of Silvio Pellico in the fortress of Spielberg, and wrote graphic Memoires ffun prisonnier ffetat (2 vols., Paris, 1837-'8 ; 4th ed., 1862). He took part in the French revolution of 1848, and in 1859 was commissary general to the army of occupation in Lombardy. ANDUJAR, or Audnxar, a town of Spain, in Andalusia, province of Jaen, at the foot of the Sierra Morena, and on the right bank of the Guadalquivir, 50 m. E. N. E. of C6rdova; pop. about 13,000. It is a comparatively wealthy and very industrious place, its indus- try consisting chiefly in alcarrasas, a peculiar kind of jars made of red and white clay found