Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume I.djvu/517

 ANDREW 485 hemp, and pasturage. In 1870 the county produced 107,325 bushels of wheat, 1,086,375 of corn, 178,332 of oats, 102,967 of potatoes, 187,663 Ibs. of butter, 31,825 of wool, and 5,941 of tobacco; value of animals slaughtered, $463,582. Capital, Savannah. ANDREW, the name of three Hungarian kings of the family of Arpad, the founder of the Magyar monarchy. Andrew I., a cousin of St. Stephen, who introduced Christianity among his subjects, and successor of Aba Samuel. In 1046, in order to win partisans to his claims to the crown, he allowed a persecution of the Christians. He warred more or less success- fully against Henry III., emperor of Germany, against his own brother Bela, supported by Boleslas II., king of Poland, was defeated by the Poles and the Hungarian malcontents, and died soon after, in 1061. Andrew II., called the Hierosolymitan, ascended the throne in 1205, in a civil war against his own nephew, Ladislas III., and died after a checkered reign of 30 years. (See HUNGARY.) His third wife was Beatrice d'Este, who returned to Italy, and gave birth there to a posthumous son named Stephen, who married a rich Venetian lady, Tomasina Morosini, the mother of Andrew HI., called the Venetian. He succeeded Ladislas IV. in 1290, and was obliged to defend his crown against the pretensions of Pope Nicholas IV. and the emperor Rudolph of Hapsburg, both of whom claimed it as their special fief, as well as against Charles Martel, the son of the king of Naples, who was by his mother a descendant of the house of Arpad. Andrew was victorious, but the dissatisfied magnates raised up a new pre- tender in the person of Charles Robert, son of Martel; and Andrew died in 1301, disgusted and mortified by the rebellion. With him the lineage of Arpad ended. ANDREW, Saint, one of the twelve apostles, born at Bethsaida. The name of his father was Jonas. He was a disciple of John the Baptist, and the first called of the disciples of Jesus Christ, to whom he brought his brother Simon, afterward called Peter, and is hence called by some of the fathers "the rock before the rock." Of his apostolic labors nothing is said in the Acts of the Apostles. According to Origen, he preached in Scythia. St. Jerome Bays that he preached also in Achaia, and other ancient writers say also in Sogdiana, Colchis, Argos, and Epirus. He is the princi- pal patron of Scotland. Tradition reports that he was crucified at Patrse, now Patras, in Achaia, on a cross of this form, x (crux de- cwsata), hence called St. Andrew's cross. ANDREW, James Osgood, D. D., an American clergyman, one of the bishops of the Methodist Episcopal church South, born in Wilkes county, Ga., May 3, 1794, died in Mobile, Ala., March 2, 1871. At the age of 18 he was licensed to preach, and in December, 1812, he was received into the South Carolina conference. At the general conference of 1832 he was elected bishop of the Methodist Episcopal church. His sec- ond wife being the owner of slaves, the north- ern delegates to the general conference of 1844 judged that "this would greatly embarrass the exercise of his office as an itinerant general superintendent, if not in some places entirely prevent it." Accordingly, the majority of the body resolved " that it is the sense of this gen- eral conference that he should desist from the exercise of this office so long as this impedi- ment remains." The southern delegates, con- sidering this a virtual suspension from the episcopal office, and therefore extra-judicial and unconstitutional, entered their protest. The result was an amicable division of the church into two independent jurisdictions, with an equitable apportionment of the church property. The southern division, under the name of the Methodist Episcopal church South, held a general conference at Petersburg, Va., in May, 1846, at which time Bishop Soule, senior bishop of the M. E. church, and Bishop Andrew gave in their adherence to the church South. Bishop Andrew continued to exercise his episcopal functions till 1868, when he re- tired from active duty on account of age. His volumes of "Miscellanies" and on "Family Government" have been widely circulated. ANDREW, John Albion, 21st governor of Mas- sachusetts since the adoption of the constitu- tion of 1780, born in Windham, Me., May 31, 1818, died in Boston, Mass., Oct. 30, 1867. He graduated at Bowdoin college, Me., in 1837, and immediately afterward commenced the study of law in Boston, where in 1840 he was admitted to the bar. During the next 20 years he practised his profession in that city, his most conspicuous efforts being called forth by causes arising under the fugitive slave law of 1850; and in 1858, having during the previous ten years been closely identified with the anti- slavery party of Massachusetts, he was elected a member of the state legislature from Boston. In 1860 he was a member of the republican convention which nominated Mr. Lincoln for the presidency, and in the same year was elected governor of Massachusetts by the largest pop- ular vote ever cast for any candidate. Antici- pating the conflict between the government and the seceding states, he early took measures to place the militia of Massachusetts on a footing of efficiency; and within a week after the presi- dent's proclamation of April 15, 1861, he de- spatched five regiments of infantry, a battalion of riflemen, and a battery of artillery to the assistance of the government. He subsequently took an active part in raising and equipping the Massachusetts contingent of three years' volunteers. He was reflected governor of Massachusetts in 1861, and made frequent visits to Washington and other places to con- fer with public men on national affairs. He took part in the conference held by the gov- ernors of the loyal states at Altoona, Penn., in September, 1862, and prepared the address which they subsequently presented to the presi- dent. He presided at the first national Unita-