Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume I.djvu/514

 4:82 ANDRAL AXDRAL, Gabriel, a French physician, horn in Paris, Nov. 6, 1797. His father, Guillaume, was a member of the academy and chief physi- cian to the French army in Italy and to Murat, and afterward to Louis XVIII. Through the influence of his father-in-law, Royer-Collard, and also by his fame as the author of the Cli- nique medicale (4 vols. 8vo, 1824-'6), he was appointed in 1827 professor of hygiene in the faculty of Paris, and in 1830 was promoted to the chair of internal pathology. In 1839 he succeeded Broussais as professor of pathology and general therapeutics. In conjunction with Gavarret and Delafond he published researches <Sur les modifications de proportion de quelques principes du sang. His Precis d } anatomic pa- thologique (3 vols., Paris, 1829), Cours de pa- thologique interne (3 vols., 1836), and Essai d'hematologie pathologique (1843) have been translated into foreign languages. AJVDRiSSY, Gynla (Julias), count, a Hungarian statesman, born in the county of Zemplen, March 8, 1823. His ancestors were known from the llth century in Bosnia, and from the 16th in Hungary, where they acquired vast estates with the rank of count. The Italian branch of the same stock, the margraves d'An- drassy and chevaliers de Rivalto, have been extinct since 1793. The head of the senior Hungarian branch, Count CHARLES, the father of Count Julius (born in G6m6r in 1792, died in Brussels in 1845), was an opposition member of the diets of 1839-'40 and 1843-'4, and wrote in German " Outlines of a Possible Reform in Hungary." Count Julius was a member of the Presburg diet of 1847-'8, lord lieutenant of the county of Zemplen, led the militia against the Austrians, went as Hungarian ambassador to Constantinople, and from 1849 to 1857 was an exile in France and England. He was a mem- ber of the diet of 1861, vice president of the diet of 1865-'6, and chairman of the committee on "the common relations of the Austrian empire." After the accession of the Beust ministry, Oct. 30, 1866, and the recognition of Hungarian sovereignty under a dual Austro- Hungarian empire, Count Andrassy was, at Deak's demand, appointed Hungarian prime minister of the empire, Feb. 17, 1867. He also acted as minister for the national defence, pop- ularized his administration by selecting several of its members from outside the ranks of the aristocracy, carried out the measures broached by the committee of 1865-'6, under the guidance of Deak, in support of the sovereign rights of Hungary, and instituted various financial, mili- tary, and judicial reforms. Sympathizing with France during the Franco-German war, he yet insisted upon neutrality. He approved the overthrow of the papal temporal power, and was rather antagonistic to Russia in the east- ern question, until he succeeded Count Beust (Nov. 9, 1871) as foreign minister of the Austro- Hungarian empire, when he seemed disposed to eschew all external complications, and bent on the preservation of peace. ANDRE AM)KK, Johann Anton, a German composer, born at Offenbach, near Frankfort-on-the-Main, Oct. 6, 1775, died there, April 5, 1842. His father was Johann Andre, founder of the cele- brated musical establishment, which still con- tinues to prosper at Offenbach, and which under his son's direction attained a high degree of ce- lebrity, especially by his purchase of the com- positions left by Mozart. His own compositions comprised over 100 pieces of all sorts of music, and at the time of their publication were popu- lar in southern Germany, although they are at present almost forgotten. He wrote a Lehr- buch der Tonkunst (Offenbach, 2 vols., 1832- '43, the last part by his pupil Heinrich Henkel), and published Mozart's diary, and some original pieces of that composer. ANDRE, John, a British officer, born in London in 1751, executed at Tappan, Rockland co., N. Y., Oct. 2, 1780. At 18 years of age he embarked in a mercantile career, but being disappointed in a love affair he entered the army, and in the autumn of 1775 was taken prisoner by Gen. Montgomery in Canada. He afterward became aide-de-camp successively to Gen. Grey and Sir Henry Clinton, the latter of whom in 1779 caused him to be promoted to the rank of ma- jor, and appointed adjutant general of the British army in North America. In this ca- pacity he soon became engaged in a secret correspondence with Gen. Benedict Arnold of the continental army, the object of which was the betrayal of the American cause to the British commander-in-chief. Early in August, 1780, Arnold assumed command of West Point on' the Hudson river, then the strongest and most important post in the United States, and considered the key of communication between the eastern and southern states. In further- ance of his treasonable designs he proposed to Clinton, whose headquarters were then in New York, to deliver this fortress into his hands, and with a view of perfecting arrangements for that purpose demanded a personal inter- view with Andrfi. The latter accordingly re- paired on Sept. 20 to Dobbs Ferry, on the Hudson, and failing to meet Arnold there, went on board the British sloop-of-war Vul- ture, which was anchored in the river near that place. On the night of the 21st he went ashore at a point about 6 m. S. of Stony Point and had an interview with Arnold, which was prolonged into the morning of the 22d. On departing for West Point Arnold gave him a passport, authorizing John Anderson (the name assumed by Andre) to pass the American lines to White Plains or below, if he chose; and also six papers in his own handwriting which would enable the British general to direct his attacks against West Point with almost ab- solute certainty of success. These, at Arnold's suggestion, Andre concealed between the soles of his feet and his stockings. Andre had fully expected to return to New York on board the Vulture; but finding this impossible, he re- luctantly crossed the river to Verplanck's