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 ANDOVER ANDRADA E SYLVA 481 See Baquer's Historia de la republica de An- dorra (Barcelona, 1849); Ziegler's Reise in Spanien (Leipsic, 1852) ; and Bayard Taylor's 'By- Ways of Europe" (New York, 1869). ANDOVER, a market town of Hampshire, England, 20 m. N. of Southampton ; pop. in 1871, 5,501. Its name is derived from the Anglo-Saxon Andeafaran (ferry over the river Ande). Andover has a large malt trade and an extensive traffic in timber with Ports- mouth. The fair which is annually held at Weyhill near Andover was formerly one of the most celebrated in Europe. ANDOVER, a town of Essex county, Mass., on the Merrimack and Shawsheen rivers, 21 m. N. of Boston ; pop. in 1870, 4,873. The village is pleasantly situated in an elevated and healthy district, and has railroad connection with Bos- ton, Lawrence, Lowell, Salem, and Newbury- port. The chief importance of the town is de- rived from its literary institutions. It is the seat of Phillips academy^ founded in 1780 by the munificence of John and Samuel Phillips, who were sons of a clergyman of Andover and graduates of Harvard college. The former was prominent in the politics of New Hampshire, and the latter was a state councillor of Mas- sachusetts. Its funds are large, and it has a complete chemical and philosophical apparatus, and libraries containing 2,500 volumes. There are 8 instructors, and 154 students in the classi- cal and 74 in the English department. The Andover theological seminary, an offshoot of Phillips academy and under the same trustees, was founded in 1807, with the object of "pro- viding for the church a learned, orthodox, and pious ministry." Its early donors were Samuel Abbot, a merchant of Boston, Moses Brown and William Bartlett^ merchants of Newbury- port, and John and Phoebe Phillips of Andover. The whole amount it has received is not less than $400,000. It is under the control of the Congregationalists, but is open to Protestants of all denominations. It has 5 professors, generally more than 100 students, and a library of 30,000 volumes. In 1870 the number of grad- uates was 1,618. Its course of studies occu- pies three years. Tuition and room rent are free to all, and additional aid is given to a por- tion of the students. The " Bibliotheca Sacra," a leading organ of New England theology, edited by the professors, is published as a quarterly at Andover. The Abbot female academy, established here in 1829, is a flour- ishing institution, designed especially for the education of female teachers. The buildings of these institutions are of brick, and stand near together on an eminence commanding a fine prospect. There are generally from 400 to 500 students in all the institutions. Ando- ver contains also a bank and 8 churches, 5 of which are Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 1 Meth- odist, and 1 Baptist. In 1865 there were 4 factories for the manufacture of tow and flax, employing 100 males and 150 females ; 5 wool- len mills, with 24 sets of machinery, employing 32 TOL. i. 32 212 males and 188 females ; a file factory with 350 hands ; and an establishment for the man- ufacture of steel, employing 100 hands. ANDRADA, Antonio d', a Portuguese missiona- ry, born about 1580, died in Goa, Aug. 20, 1633. He entered the society of Jesus at Coimbra in 1596, joined the East Indian mission, arrived at Goa in 1600, and was appointed superior of one of the houses of the society. Hearing that vestiges of Christianity existed in Thibet, he set out, disguised as a Mongolian, to visit that country in 1601, and reached Caparanga, the military capital, where it is said he built a church in honor of the Virgin. He made a second journey to Thibet in 1625-'6, and was again most favorably received. Returning to the Portuguese settlement, he was appointed provincial of Goa and deputy of the inquisition. His Novo descotrimento do Grao Catayo, ou dos Reynos de Tibet (Lisbon, 1626), was trans- lated into Italian, and from that language into French (new ed., 1795). ANDRADA E SYLVA, Bonifacio Joze d', a Bra- zilian statesman and naturalist, born in Santos, June 13, 1765, died near Rio de Janeiro, April 6, 1838. Under the patronage of the Lisbon royal academy he was enabled to travel in Eu- rope, studying in Paris under Lavoisier, at the mining school of Freiberg under Werner, and at Pavia under Volta. In 1800 he became pro- fessor of metallurgy and geognosy at Coimbra, and soon afterward general intendant of the Portuguese mines. He took an active part in the construction of canals and public works, and in 1812 he was named perpetual secretary of the Lisbon academy of sciences. He re- turned to Brazil in 1819, and became one of the champions of national independence. As vice president of the provincial junta (Dec. 24, 1821) he urged Dom Pedro I. to remain in Brazil, became his minister of the interior (Jan. 16, 1822), was removed from his office Oct. 25, but reinstated Oct. 30, at the request of the people, and was finally displaced July 17, 1823, on account of his liberalism. In the constituent assembly his opposition became so bitter that after its dissolution (Nov. 12, 1823) he was ar- rested and banished to France, and lived in Bor- deaux till 1829, when he was permitted to re- turn to Brazil. Dom Pedro I. abdicating April 7, 1831, in favor of Dom Pedro II., selected Andrada as the latter's guardian and tutor. In 1833 he was tried on a charge of intriguing for the restoration of Dom Pedro I. Although ac- quitted, he was deprived of his position and restrained of his liberty. He wrote on mineral- ogy, and is the author of Poesias d 1 America Elysea (Bordeaux, 1825). His brothers, ANTO- NIO CARLO and MARTIM FRANCISCO D' ANDRA- DA, were associated with Brazilian politics and shared his fate. The latter (born in San- tos in 1776, died there Feb. 23, 1844) left two sons : Jozfi BONIFACIO, author of Rosas e goivos (Sao Paulo, 1849) ; and MARTIM FRANCISCO, author of Lagrimas e sorrisos (Rio, 1847), and of the drama Januario Garcia (1849).