Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume I.djvu/480

 448 AMYNTAS volume of amylic alcohol, and the product dis- tilled from a water bath over caustic potash and repeatedly rectified. It is very volatile, mixes with alcohol and ether, burns with a beautiful white flame, combines directly and energetically with bromine, the hydracids, and chloride of sulphur, and its vapor is rapidly absorbed by sulphuric anhydride and per- chloride of antimony. Amylene is the third homologue of olefiant gas or ethylene, and like the latter is the starting point of a multitude of compounds which are derived from it by addition, substitution, or subtraction. An at- tempt was made to substitute it for chloroform as an anaesthetic in surgical operations; but this use has been abandoned, as its employment has in a few cases led to fatal results. AMYNTAS, the name of three Macedonian I. The son and successor of Alcetas, reigned from 537 to about 498 B. C. During his reign Megabazus, the general of Darius, sent ambassadors to demand from Macedonia earth and water, the tokens of submission. The weak Amyntas gave them at once. He even invited the Persian envoys to a magnificent banquet, and when, heated with wine, they brutally ordered him to give up to them his wives and daughters, he would have had the baseness to obey; but his son Alexander disguised as women several pages of the court, who, when brought to the Persians, murdered them with their daggers. II. Nephew of Perdiccas II., died in 369 B. C. He actually inherited only Upper Macedonia, but after contesting the sov- ereignty of the whole country first with his brother, who defeated him with the aid of foreign allies, and afterward with the usurper Pausanias, he became king of all Macedonia in 893. He was again driven from his throne by Argaeus, son of Pausanias, and only recovered it with the help of 'the Thessalians. He en- tered into a lasting alliance with Sparta. III. Grandson of the preceding, succeeded, when yet an infant, his father Perdiccas III., 360 B. C., but was in the following year deposed by his uncle Philip II., and put to death on the accession of the latter's son, Alexander the Great, who charged him with conspiring against his life (336). AMYOT, Jacqnes, a French author, bishop of Auxerre, born at Melun, Oct. 30, 1513, died at Auxerre, Feb. 6, 1593. After many arduous struggles with poverty and obscurity, he suc- ceeded in acquiring some reputation as a teacher ; and through the patronage of the sis- ter of Francis I., Margaret of Berry, he was made professor of Greek and Latin in the uni- versity of Paris. Subsequently he obtained the abbacy of Bellozane, and visited Rome to gather materials for the translation of Plutarch and other Greek writers, and took part in the council of Trent. On his return to France he became tutor of Henry II.'s two younger sons, the future kings Charles IX. and Henry III., under the former of whom he was raised to the offices of grand almoner and curator of the ANABAPTISTS Paris university, and ultimately to the bishop- ric of Auxerre. The most celebrated of his works, which chiefly consist of translations, is the version of Plutarch. AMYRAUT, Moise, a French Calvinist theolo- gian, born in 1596, died in July, 1664, at Bour- gueil, in the province of Anjou. He was edu- cated at Saumur, where he was afterward a professor of divinity. By his talents and mod- eration he soon acquired reputation and influ- ence. In 1631 he attended the synod of Cha- renton, and was commissioned to present to the king a remonstrance against the infraction of the edicts of pacification. In fulfilling this mission he procured the abrogation of the humiliating requirement that Protestant depu- ties should address the king only on their knees. He endeavored to bring about a complete union between the various Protestant churches, which he advocated especially in a Latin tract, De Secessione ab Ecclesia Romana, deque Pace inter Evangelicos in Negotio Eeligionis insti- tuenda. The favor and respect with which he was treated by the heads of the French govern- ment, Richelieu and Mazarin, are to be as- cribed to his opinions concerning the power of princes ; he publicly maintained on several oc- casions the doctrine of implicit obedience to the sovereign authority. Among his numerous writings, now nearly forgotten, though popu- lar in their time, are treatises on Christian morals, on the natural laws of marriage, against indifferentism, and against the Millenarists. ANA, as a prefix, a Greek word signifying over again, against, and the like. Its use is exemplified in Anabaptist, anachronism, and analysis. As a suffix, it is the Latin termina- tion of the neuter plural of an adjective of three terminations ; thus Ciceroniana would be the matters of any sort appertaining to Cicero. In the literature of the modern European nations, it alludes to the collections of the sayings or anecdotes of celebrated wits. The first collec- tion of this kind was the Scaligeriana, pub- lished at the Hague in 1666, by Vossius, in Latin. The next of the ana was the Perroni- ana, in French, being notes of the conversa- tions of Cardinal Duperron (1669). Menagiana and Thuann are also celebrated collections in French. French literature of the 17th century is particularly rich in this department. The ana mania lasted about half a century. In Eng- lish, the " Walpoliaria " is the best. German literature is not rich in personal memoirs ; the Tcmbmaniana is the most famous, and we have also the Melanchthoniana. In England, the records of the prize ring are called " Fistiana " and "Boxiana." American literature does not much affect this species of title. ANABAPTISTS (Gr. avajtaitTloTTK, a rebaptizer), a name sometimes applied to all those sects of ( modern times of which rebaptism has been a' distinguishing mark. The justice of the appel- lation has never been acknowledged by those to whom it has been applied. In receiving con- verts to their communion, they administered