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 ALLENDE ALLIBONE 331 and educational questions. He is also the au- thor of numerous addresses and several valua- ble reports on education. In 1846 he received tlie honorary degree of M. D. from the Phila- delphia college of medicine ; and in 1850 the degree of LL. D. from both Union college, New York, and Emory and Henry college, Virginia. ALLENDE, Jose, an officer in the Spanish army, of Mexican birth, to whom Hidalgo first in- trusted his plan of revolt in September, 1810. Allende was at that time a captain of the Mex- ican regiment of La Eeyna, and brought to the service the military skill of which Hidalgo was so much in need. When the regiment of La Reyna and that of Celaya joined Hidalgo, the native levies gained some consistency, and in the same month achieved the famous capture of the Alhondega of Guanajuato. After Nov. 29, 1810, Allende joined Hidalgo, and was able to replace the guns which had previously been lost at Aculco, by bringing others from San Bias, the great naval station of Spain on the Pacific, of which Morelos had obtained posses- sion. Contrary to the advice of Allende, Hi- dalgo determined to fight the enemy, and was defeated. Allende brought off the fragment of the army, but was arrested near Saltillo by the treachery of an old comrade named Elizondo, and shot at Chihuahua, July 27, 1811. ALLENTOWN, capital of Lehigh county, Pa., on the W. bank of Lehigh river, 18 m. above its junction with the Delaware, and 59 m. by railroad N. N. W. of Philadelphia ; pop. in 1860, 8,025 ; in 1870, 13,884. In 1762 the town was laid out and called Northampton, the name of the county it then belonged to. It contained 13 families. In 1776 there were 54 houses, of which 7 were taverns. In 1812 Lehigh county was established and Northampton was made the county town, having been incorporated as a borough the year previously. In 1838 the name was changed to Allentown. By a rail- road extending up and down the valley of the Lehigh, it is connected in one direction with the anthracite coal region at the head waters of this stream, and in the other with New York and Philadelphia. Another railroad 36 m. long connects the Lehigh valley with that of the Schuylkill above Beading, and affords the most direct line of communication between New York city and the southwest. By these railroads and the Lehigh canal, Allentown is made a very important central point for sup- plies of iron ores and anthracite. Several large blast furnaces, extensive iron works, rolling mills, tanneries, and woollen factories are in operation. The population of Allentown are mostly of German descent, and the German lan- guage is still commonly spoken. It has 3 daily newspapers, 6 weekly, 1 semi-monthly, and 2 monthly periodicals. The Allentown female college was established in 1870. Muhlenberg college, a Lutheran institution, was established here in 1867; in 1868 it had 10 instructors, 161 students, and a library of 1,800 volumes. ALLESTREE, or Allestrey, Richard, an English divine, born in Uppington, Shropshire, in March, 1619, died in January, 1681. During the civil war he left his studies at Oxford to serve as a soldier in the king's army. Toward the conclusion of the war he took orders, and was one of those expelled when the parliament in 1648 sent visitors to Oxford to demand the sub- mission of the university. He found an asylum in the family of Lord Newport in Shropshire, and after the battle of Worcester he was fixed upon by the royalists as a proper person to convey despatches and have a conference with the king at Kouen ; and he was afterward the constant medium of communication with him. Soon after the return of Charles II. he was made canon of Christ's church, king's chap- lain, regius professor of divinity, and in 1665 provost of Eton. Forty of his sermons were published in 1684, with a life by Bishop Fell. ALLEYN, Edward, an English actor, born in Lon- don, Sept. 1, 1566, died at Dulwich college, of which institution he was the founder, Nov. 25, 1626. He was the friend of Jonson and Shake- speare, and partner of Henslowe as a theatrical manager and proprietor of the bear gardens. Having become rich, he purchased the manor of Dulwich in 1606, built his college there, and en- tered the institution with his wife, contenting himself with the same allowance of food and clothing as each of his pensioners. At his death he left property for the endowment of 20 almshouses, besides legacies to his wife and relatives. (See DTJLWIOH.) ALL-FOURS, a game played by two or four persons with an entire pack of cards. It de- rives its name from the four chances therein, for each of which a point is scored; these are: high, the best trump out; low, the lowest trump out ; jack, the knave of trumps ; and the game, the majority of pips reckoned for certain cards held by the respective players, every ace being counted 4, king 3, queen 2, knave 1, and ten 10. ALLGAIER, Johann, a German chess player and writer on the game, died at Prague in 1826. For some years he was a captain in the Austri- an service. He spent most of his life in Vien- na. His work Anweisung zum Schachspiel, was first published at Vienna in 1795, and has since passed through numerous editions. A peculiar method of opening the game received from him the name of the Allgaier gambit. ALL HALLOWS. See ALL SA.INTB' DAY. ALLIBONE, Samnel Austin, LL. D., an Ameri- can author and bibliographer, born in Philadel- phia, April 17, 1816. After some years spent in collecting materials for the purpose, he began in 1853 the composition of "A Critical Dic- tionary of English Literature and British and American Authors, Living and Deceased, from the Earliest Accounts to the latter half of the Nineteenth Century." This work, in 3 vols. royal 8vo (1858, 1870, and 1871), contains no- tices of 46,499 authors and 40 classified indexes of subiects. Dr. Allibone is also the author of