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 ALGERIA ALGIERS 307 tribes should be made the owners of the territory they occupied, and that a careful legislation should regulate the conditions of personal property. Though this letter appeared to make some impression upon the minds of the natives, the year 1864 witnessed a new insurrec- tion in the south of Algeria, which was headed by Si-Lala; but at the close of the year the country, of which Gen. MacMahon after the death of P61issier had been appointed governor general, was again fully pacified. In May, 1865, Napoleon paid a visit to Algeria, and there addressed a proclamation to the population, in which he repeated the sentiments expressed in the letter to P61issier. From October, 1865, to the beginning of 1867, the French were again harassed by new insurrections under the leader- ship of Si-Lala and Si-Hamed ben Hamza, who in 1861 had been made a commander of the le- gion of honor. Si-Hamed, at the head of about 12,000 cavalry, committed great depredations among the tribes friendly to the French rule; but at the beginning of 1867 all the insurgents had either been driven into the Sahara or anni- hilated. From 1869 to 1870 the colony suffered from famine, locusts, and earthquakes, but was almost free from warfare. After the outbreak of the Franco-German war, the French govern- ment in July, 1870, called Governor General MacMahon; and with him the larger portion of the native troops, to the seat of war in France. The news of the disaster at Sedan caused insur- rectionary movements in the province of Con- stantine in September, 1870, and in October in Oran, where the insurgents were joined by some Moroccan tribes; but Gen. Durieu, the succes- sor of MacMahon, succeeded in preventing the troubles from spreading. At the same time the European colonists asked for the aboli- tion of the military administration ; and a civil governor was appointed, under whom three prefects administer the three provinces. Al- geria also obtained representation in the na- tional assembly which in February, 1871, met in Bordeaux. See MacCarthy, Algeria Ho-* mana (Algiers, 1867); Daumas, Le Sahara Algerien (Paris, 1845), Le grand desert (2d ed., 1849), and La Grande Kabylie (1847); Yusuf (a chief of the Turkish troops in Algeria who joined the French as early as 1832, and subse- quently rose to the rank of a general), Sur les guerres en Afrique (Algiers) ; Nettement, His- toire de la conquete d 1 A Iger, ecrite sur les docu- ments inedits et authentiques (2d ed., 1871). ALGUERO, or Algheri, a strongly fortified sea- port town on the N". W. coast of Sardinia, in the province and 11 m. S. W. of Sassari ; pop. 8,000. It was a favorite residence of Charles V. The coral found here is the finest obtained in the Mediterranean. ALGIERS (Arab. Al-Jezireh, the island, be- cause there was originally an island before the city, which has been joined by a mole), a sea- port and city of N. Africa, in lat. 36 47' N., Ion. 3 4' E. It was formerly the capital of a pashalic of the same name, and dependent on the Ottoman empire, but since 1830 has been the capital of the French colony of Algeria. The population, which under the Turks was estimated at 100,000, has since been subject to great fluctuations. In 1838 it was 30,395 ; in 1846, 70,582 ; in 1851, 50,111 ; in 1862, 58,315; in 1866, 52,614 ; and at present it is estimated at 60,000. Of these, 16,000 are French and 6,000 Jews. The Jews have since the occupa- tion of the country by the French become the most prosperous part of the population, own- ing most of the land in the city. The natives Algiers, from the Parade Ground.