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 ALBANO ALBANY 245 Albanians were inclined to make common cause with the latter; but their attempts to cooperate in the war produced only their mas- sacre and harsh treatment by the Greeks, and they were therefore thrown into the arms of the Porte, to which they have since continued nominally subject. The Albanian language belongs to the Indo-European family of lan- guages, and is spoken in different dialects in the north and south. The original stock of words is believed to have been derived from the ancient Illyrians, but it is mixed up with Greek, Latin, Turkish, Italian, French, and Slavic. Many of the Albanians, particularly the Toskaris in the south, speak the modern Greek, and hi that part of the country the Albanian proper is also more mixed with Greek than the Geg dialect in the north. Xylander and Bopp have written on the Al- banian language. The work of the latter, Ueber das Albanesische, was published in Berlin in 1855. Both the Latin and Greek alphabets are used in Albanian books. Latin letters have been adopted in the translation of the New Tes- tament (Constantinople, 1866), and in versions from the gospel of St. Matthew by Prince Louis Lucien Bonaparte, with occasional Greek letters, and in other contemporary works. Greek letters have been used by Anas- tasio Kulurioti (Athens, 1866), by Salterio (Constantinople, 1868), and in the Alfdbeto generate Albano- Epirotico (Leghorn, 1869), which last is also contained in A Dora d'lsiria gli Albanesi (Leghorn, 1870). An Albanian grammar has been lately published at Leghorn Qrammatologia Albanese). Prince Louis Lu- cien Bonaparte's version of the parable of the sower in Matthew has been published under his auspices in the Siculo-Albanese, the Ca- labro- Albanese, and the Scutari- Albanese dia- lects (London, 1868-'70). Albanian literature consists chiefly of popular songs and fairy tales. The late Austrian consul at Syra, Mr. de Hahn, is a high authority on the subject in his Alba- nesische Studien (Jena, 1854), and Griechisch- Albanesische Marchen (2 vols., Leipsic, 1864). Dora d'Istria, the author of the "Mussulman and Roumanian Albanians," has in other recent publications thrown much light upon the Alba- nian language and poetry. ALBANO (anc. Albanum), a city of Italy, in the province of Eome, near the southern ex- tremity of Lake Albano, 14 m. S. E. of Rome ; pop. 5,200. It occupies the site of Pompey's villa, and is on the opposite side of the lake to that of ancient' Alba Longa. It is a favorite summer resort of the Roman nobility on ac- count of its beautiful scenery and pure air. It possesses a museum of antiquities and many fine ruins. The Albano wine, which is made in the vicinity, was already famous among the ancient Romans. The lake of Albano, or Lago di Castello, is in the crater of an extinct vol- cano, and is surrounded by huge basaltic rocks. ALBANY. I. An E. county of New York, bounded E. by the Hudson river and N. in part by the Mohawk ; area, 509 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 133,052. Normanskill and Catskill creeks furnish it with good water power. The land near the Hudson and some of the other streams is fertile ; but in the N. and W., where the surface is mountainous, it is less productive^ and in some places sterile. The E. part is cov- ered with immense beds of clay, sand, and gravel, the sand in some places being 40 feet deep. Iron, hydraulic limestone, marl, and gypsum are found, though they are not abun- dant. The productions in 1870 were 14,859 bushels of wheat, 129,535 of rye, 165,350 of corn, 784, 146 of oats, 37,205 of barley, 160,594 of buckwheat, 637,058 of potatoes, 115,655 tons of hay, 137,641 Ibs. of wool, 1,142,783 of but- ter, and 133,964 of hops. In 1865 the value of farms was $16,951,183, of stock $1,820,376, and of tools $797,486. There were 364 man- ufacturing establishments, employing 9,292 hands, 130 churches, 18 newspapers and peri- odicals, and 7 savings banks. The Erie and Champlain canals and several railroads termi- nate in this county. The assessed value of real estate in 1870 was $38,557,176, and of personal property $7,535,171. Besides Albany, the capital, Cohoes and West Troy are impor- tant maufacturing places. Albany county was organized in 1683, and originally extended E. of the Hudson, and included the whole colony N. and "W. of its present limits. II. An E. county of "Wyoming, occupying the whole width of the territory, about 265 m. ; area, about 12,000 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 2,021. The Union Pacific railroad passes through the S. part of the county. Capital, Laramie. ALBANY, a city, capital of Albany county and of the state of New York, at the head of sloop navigation and near the head of tide water, on the W. bank of the Hudson river, in lat. 42 39' 3" N., Ion. 73 32' W., 145 m. N. of New York city, 164 m. "W". of Boston, and 370 m. N. E. of Washington. According to the offi- cial censuses, the population of Albany hi 1790 was 3,506; in 1800, 5,349; 1810, 10,762; 1820, 12,541; 1830, 24,238; 1840, 33,762; 1850, 60,762; 1855, 57,333; 1860, 62,367; 1865, 62,613; 1870, 69,422. But the popula- tion now (1873) is probably not far from 80,- 000, as the boundaries have been enlarged by the addition of parts of Bethlehem and Water- vliet, and the territory now comprised within the city limits had in 1870 a population of 76,- 216. At a little distance from the river the ground rises into a plateau about 200 feet above tide level, and then extends westward hi a sandy plain. The slope toward the river is divided into four distinct ridges, separated by valleys, which were originally deep and diffi- cult to cross ; but these have been much im- proved by grading, and within a mile from the river nearly disappear. The tide rises about one foot in the river here. Notwithstanding the occasional obstruction of navigation by the "overslaugh" (see HUDSON RIVEE), Albany is peculiarly favored as a commercial town.