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 AEOLIAN ISLES be tuned in unison by means of pegs construct- ed to control their tension, as in the violin. When the instrument is exposed in a window Harp. partly open, so as to allow a current of air to pass over the strings, a most agreeable com- bination of tones is produced, constantly vary- ing in pitch and intensity with the force of the wind, and forming harmonies of a wild and melancholy character. MH.M N ISLES. See LIPARI ISLANDS. KOI. HNS. the name of one of the primitive divisions of the Hellenic race. They are said to have dwelt originally in the S. W. part of the plain of Thessaly, and thence to have spread over other regions of Greece, and after the Doric invasion of the Peloponnesus to have occupied the N. W. coast region of Asia Minor, from them called ^Eolis, and the islands of Lesbos and Tenedos. Of the JSolic dialect of the Greek, which was chiefly developed in Lesbos, only scanty specimens have been pre- served ; these bring it nearer to the Doric than the Attic. Mythologically, the ^Eolians were descended from ^Eolus, the son of Hellen. JWLIPYLE, or .Itollpilf (Ai6?<>v-rrv/.at, the gate of jEolus ; or, more probably, jEolipila, the ball of ^Eolus), a hollow metallic ball, contain- ing a curved tube connected with a small ori- fice, and sometimes two such tubes turning in opposite directions. Water or alcohol being introduced in it and boiled, it was used in old times to exemplify the force of steam, or as a blowpipe when adjusted to a lamp. In 1615 Salomon de Caus noticed in using it the effect of steam in causing water, by the assistance of heat, to mount above its level. This machine was intended to discover the cause of the winds. KOlJs. in ancient geography, a district in Asia Minor, originally settled by colonies of ^Eolian Greeks. It was properly the coast land of Mysia, extending from Troas to the south bank of the river Hermus. In its broad- est signification it included Troas to the shores of the Hellespont. In the southern part were situated the twelve cities which formed the ^Eolian league. Of these, Cyme, where the an- nual Panseolium was celebrated, and Smyrna, which in later times became a member of the Ionian confederation, were the most celebrated. i:oi.l s. I. In Greek mythological history, a son of Hellen, who, in the division by the latter of the government of the Hellenes or Greeks between him and his brothers Dorus and Xuthus, received the throne of Thessaly and named his subjects the ^Eolians. He was the progenitor of a great race of heroes, the jEolids, from whom in turn sprang many of the most famous personages of the Greek legends. Other genealogies were also given by the Greeks to JSolus, but the above, that of the Hesiodio catalogue, is that which Grote believes to have been generally received. II. An inferior god or demigod, ruler of the winds. There seems no good reason to connect this ^Eolus with the preceding, but a few Greek authors endeavored to prove even the identity of the two, while others made the demigod the son of Jupiter and Acasta, daughter of Hippotas. ^Eolus was supposed to have his home in the island now called Stromboli, of the Lipari group, anciently known as the vEolian islands. According to tradition, he kept the several winds confined in bags, releasing them at the command of Neptune. JEON, a Greek term signifying age. In Gnostic speculations, aeons are embodiments of divine attributes. (See GNOSTICS.) KP1M s. I. Joliann (the Greek translation of his real name, Hoch or Hock, high), a Ger- man theologian, born at Ziegesar, Branden- burg, in 1499, died in Hamburg, May 13, 1653. He studied at Wittenberg, was arrested on ac- count of his zeal for the cause of Luther, and exerted himself after his release in England and Germany on behalf of the reformation. He was afterward for some time teacher at Stralsund, and organized the new educational and ecclesiastical system there, and in Ham- burg (1522), in which latter city he was pas- tor, and afterward superintendent of St. Peter's church from 1529 till his death. He was one of the signers of the Smalcald articles in 1537, shared in the theological controversies regard- ing the Interim, the Adiaphora, and the doc- trines of Osiander, and was supported by Fla- cius and others, and to a moderate extent also .by Melanchthon. II. Franz I Irirli Theodor, a German physicist, a descendant of the pre- ' ceding, born at Rostock in December, 1724, died in Dorpat in 1802. He became professor of physics and member of the academy of sciences at St. Petersburg in 1757. Catharine II. appointed him teacher of her son Paul, di- rector of the nobility corps of cadets, and in- spector general of the normal schools which she projected. He is honored as the inventor of the electrophus and of electric condensation, an improver of the microscope, and the dis- coverer of the electrical polarity of tourmaline. He contributed extensively to the publication? of the Berlin and St. Petersburg academies. His principal work is Tentamen Theories Elec' tricitati* et Magnetismi (St. Petersburg, 1759; French translation, abridged by Hauy, 1787). One of his other works, written in German, was translated in 1762 into French by M. Eaoult, under the title of Reflexions sur la