Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume I.djvu/100

 80 ADALBERT ADAM to Arabia. Wild animals are numerous, and even the lion and elephant are occasionally seen. A large plain, called Harho, is covered with salt three feet thick, which is not only used for culinary purposes, but in Abyssinia as a currency. Adal is peopled by many tribes, which appear to belong to the same stock. They are of a dark brown color, muscular and full in body, with roundish face, thick crisp black hair, lively eyes, lips thinner than those of the negroes, and short straight nose, di- vided from the forehead by an indentation. They all live a nomadic life, travelling with their flocks and herds from pasture to pasture. The sultan of the Adaiel resides at Tajurra, and the sultan of the Mudaito Danakil at Aussa, near the Haw ash, 80 m. W. by S. of Tajurra. Salt is the only commodity exported. ADALBERT. I. Or Aldebert, a Frankish bishop and missionary to the German pagans before the middle of the 8th century. He was ac- cused of heresy by St. Boniface, who charged him among other things with collecting his own hair and nails as relics. He was con- demned by a synod held in 745, and died in prison. His disciples were styled Adalbertines, or Aldebertines. II. Saint, of Prague, " the apostle of the Prussians," died in 997. He was educated by the celebrated Otherich at Magdeburg. In 983 he was chosen bishop of Prague. Discouraged at his failure to convert the Bohemians, he repaired to the monastery of St. Alexius at Kome. In 993 he was recalled to his bishopric, but after two years became again disgusted and left. In 995 he baptized the future St. Stephen and first king of the Hungarians at Gran. He subsequently went to Poland, and thence to Prussia, to convert the heathen, by whom he was murdered. III. Archbishop of Bremen and Hamburg, died at Goslar, March 17, 1072. He received his office in 1043 from Henry III., whom in 1046 he ac- companied to Rome. There he was a candi- date for the papal throne, and barely failed in the election. Pope Leo IX., in whose behalf he had spoken in the synod at Mayence in 1049, made him in 1050 his legate in the north. During the minority of the emperor Henry IV. he usurped, together with Archbishop Hanno of Cologne, the administration of the empire. He became so obnoxious to the German princes, that in 1066 they forcibly separated him from the emperor; but in 1069 he re- gained his power, and kept it till his death. ADALBERT, llrinrirh Wilhelm, a Prussian prince, first cousin of the emperor "VjMlliam, commander-in-chief of the German na /J born Oct. 29, 1811. He travelled in Europe, the East, and Brazil, and printed privately Aus meinem Reisetagebuch ^Berlin, 1847), which has been translated and published in English (London, 1848). He holds high military rank, but has devoted himself to; naval affaire, and in 1854 was made admiral. In 1856 he com- manded the Prussian corvette Danzig on the expedition against the Riff pirates ; but as the Prussians numbered only 90 and the pirates 500, he was obliged to retire, losing 24 killed and wounded, and being himself shot through the thigh. In 1864, during the Danish war, he cruised with his fleet in the Baltic, and at its close he was appointed commander-in-chief of the national navy. In 1870 he visited the English seaports with a squadron. During the Franco-German war his ships took refuge in Wilhelmshaven, and he observed the war at the German headquarters. His wife, THERESA ELSSLER, sister of the celebrated Fanny, and herself a skilful dancer, received the title of baroness von Barnim on his morganatic mar- riage with her in 1850. The only offspring of this union, Baron ADALBERT VON BARNIM, born in 1841, died July 12, 1860, in Egypt. The scientific observations made during his journey to that country were published after his death by Dr. Hartmann, his physician (Reise des Freiherm A. von Barnim durch Nordost-Afrika, Berlin, 1863). AD ALIA, or sattalirh (anc. Attalia in Pam- phylia), a seaport and the largest town on the S. coast of Asia Minor, on the gulf of Adalia, 250 m. S. E. of Smyrna; pop. about 12,000, of whom 3,000 are Greeks. It is the capital of a pashalic. The town is built in the form of an amphitheatre, the ground rising to the height of about 70 feet above the sea, and is surrounded by a double wall with square tow- ers about 50 yards apart. The chief trade is in wool, cotton, and opium. There are some important ancient remains. ADAM, the first man, the husband of Eve, and father of Cain, Abel, and Seth, and of unnamed "sons and daughters." Various meanings have been ascribed to the name; the most generally recognized is earth-born. The history of Adam, in common with that of the whole antediluvian world, as contained in Genesis, is by some treated as an allegory, intended to convey to an uncultured people an intelligible idea of the world's creation, and to explain some of the momentous questions in- volved in this earthly being. Others contend for a literal interpretation of the narrative. For Swedenborg's doctrine on the subject, see NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH. ADAM, Adolpbe Charles, a French composer, born in Paris, July 24, 1803, died May 3, 1856. In 1817 he entered the conservatory in Paris, became a skilful pianist, and studied compo' sition under Reicha and Bo'ieldieu. His earli- est compositions were fantasias and variations for the pianoforte. He wrote the opera of Pierre et Catherine (1829), and in 1832 com- posed a ballet for London. His most impor- tant work is the opera Le Postilion de Long- jnmeau (1836). His Souvenirs <Pun musicien, with his autobiography, was published in 1857. ADAM, Albreeht, a German painter of battle pieces, born at NSrdlingen, April 16, 1786, died in Munich, Aug. 28, 1862. He studied painting at Nuremberg under Conrad Zweiger. He was engaged in the Austrian campaigns