Page:Text-book of Electrochemistry.djvu/14

 CONTENTS. ix

CHAPTER VIII. Electrolytes. Electrolytic dissociation.

Deviations shown by electrolytes from van*t UofiTs law, 110. Faraday's experiments, 110. Tho ions, 113. Charging current, 116. Faraday's laws, 117. Composition of the ions, 118. Application of Ohm's law to solntions, 120. Standard units for resistance and electromotive force, 122.

CHAPTER IX. Conductivity of Electrolytes.

Horsford's method of determining the resistance, 125. Change of con- ductivity with dilution, 126. Specific and molecular conductivity, 127. The Wheatstone bridge, 129. Determination of the resistance of electrolytes, 129. Experimental results, 133. Calculation of the degree of dissociation in electrolytic solutions, 137. Transport number, 138. Kohlrausch's law, 140. Transport numbers and ionic mobilities, 141. Abnormal transport numbers, 143. Mobilities of organic ions, 144. Migration of ions in mixed solutions, 145. Complex ions, 146. Ionic migration and the theory of dissociation, 146. Calculation of A. for slightly dissociated electrolytes, 147. Absolute velocity of the ions, 147. Diffusion, 152.

CHAPTER X.

Degree of Dissociation and Dissociation Constant

Strong and weak electrolytes, 157. Degree of dissociation of some typical electrolytes, 157. Comparison between the results of the osmotic and the electric determinations of the degree of dissociation, 159. Dis- sociation equilibrium of weak electrolytes, 1 62. Dissociation equilibrium of strong electrolytes, 164. Divalent acids, 166. Influence of substitu- tion on the dissociation of acids, 166.

��CHAPTER XL

Conclusions from the Dissociation Theory. Additive Properties of

Solutions.

General remarks, 168. Specific gravity of electrolytic solutions, 169. Com- pressibility, capillarity, and internal friction of solutions, 172. Refrac- tive index of solutions, 173. Magnetic rotation of solutions, 174. Molecular magnetism, 175. Natural rotatory power in solution, 176. Light absorption of solutions, 177. Chemical properties of the ions, 178. Physiological action of the ions, 180. Catalytic action of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, 182. Objections to the assumption of electrolytic dissociation, 184.

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