Page:Text-book of Electrochemistry.djvu/104

 VI.

��HOMOGENEOUS EQUILIBRIA.

��Other similar equilibria, such as those represented by the following reactions —

N2O4 :it 2NO2, 2N0a ^ 2N0 + Oa,

HCl + (CH8)20 ^ (CH8)aOHCl (methyl ether hydrooUoride).

have been studied, and in all cases a good agreement has been found between the calculated and observed results.

An example of a reaction between two liquids which is governed by Guldberg and Waage's law is the formation (or decomposition) of ethyl acetate —

CH3COOH + CaHfiOH -^ CHgCOOCaHfi + HaO.

This equilibrium was first studied experimentally by Berthelot and P6an de St. Gilles (9), and the results were afterwards calculated by Guldberg and Waage, and by van't Hoff (10).

The results are contained in the following table; in column m is given the number of molecules of alcohol which reacted on one molecule of acid, and x is the quantity of ester formed when equilibrium was established.

��m.

�X (observed).

�^x (calcnUted).

�(0-667)

�HOO

��The agreement between observed and calculated values is very good. Experiments on various equilibria in solutions hare also led to excellent agreement with, and a thorough confirmation of, the theory ; for details the reader is referred to a text-book on physical chemistry.

In conclusion, it may be pointed out that in o, homogeneous system the equilibrium relationships between different kinds

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