Page:Technical Support Document - Social Cost of Carbon, Methane and Nitrous Oxide Interim Estimates under Executive Order 13990.pdf/31

 Figure 4: Frequency Distribution of SC-N$2$O Estimates for 2020

While the figures above reflect the uncertainties that are explicitly considered in a quantitative manner, there are other areas of uncertainty that are not quantitatively reflected in the interim SC-GHG estimates. The scientific and economics literature has further explored known sources of uncertainty related to estimates of the SC-GHG. For example, published studies explore the sensitivity of IAMs and the resulting SC-GHG estimates to different assumptions embedded in the models (see, e.g., Hope 2013, Anthoff and Tol 2013a, and Nordhaus 2014). However, there remain additional sources of uncertainty that have not been fully characterized and explored due to data limitations and lack of consensus in the scientific or economic literature about how to represent them. Additional research is needed to expand the quantification of various sources of uncertainty in estimates of the SC-GHG (e.g., developing explicit probability distributions for more inputs pertaining to climate impacts and their valuation).

4.2Other Modeling Limitations

The interim SC-GHG estimates presented in this TSD have a number of limitations, as would be expected for any modeling exercise that covers such a broad scope of scientific and economic issues across the complex global landscape. These include the incomplete treatment of catastrophic and non-catastrophic impacts in the IAMs, their incomplete treatment of adaptation and technological change, the incomplete way in which inter-regional and intersectoral linkages are modeled, uncertainty in the extrapolation of

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