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 Interval between general reserve and defensive line, 430 Intrenching, time essential for, 416 Intrenchments, purpose of, 416, 417 Italy, 453 Japan, 465 Long range fire, use of, 150 Machine guns, 295, 425 Masks, 421 Number of men required in temporary, 233 Observation of the foreground, 420 Obstacles, construction of, 421 Occupation of the position, 426 Offensive, Assumption of the, 428 —defensive, 408 Necessity of assuming the, 409 Passive, 409 Position, Advanced, 413 Determining factors in selecting a, 414 Division of the, into sections, 411 Fortifying the, 415 Framework of the, 414 Requirements of a, 410 Purely passive, 408 Range finding instruments, employment of, 146 Refusing a flank, 425 Reserve, strength of, 395 Russia, 422 Section reserves, 411 Sections, division of the position into, 411 Seeking a decision, 233, 234, 409, 450, 467 Splinter proofs, 418, 419, 420 Superiority of fire, 427 Supports, 410 Switzerland, 467 Temporary, Frontage in, 233 Number of men required in, 233 Occupation of a position, 408 Terrain, character of, required by, 254 Time for opening fire, in (general rules), 155 Traverses, 417 Trenches (dimensions), 418, 420 Troops required to occupy the position, 410, 411 Weak points, strengthening of, 412

DEFENSE SEEKING A DECISION, 409 Austria, 450 Frontage, 233, 234 Number of men required, 234 Switzerland, 467

DELAYING ACTION, 445 Compared with holding attack, 445 Distribution in depth in, 232 Frontage in, 232

DEMOLITION TOOLS, 39