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30 stomach† (Amasaya) into the bladder keeping it filled with this important fluid of the body, just as a new pitcher, immersed up to its neck in a vessel full of water, is filled by transudation through its lateral pores. 14.

In the same way the Vayu, Kapham and Pittam are carried into the bladder (through their respective ducts or channels), and in unison with the retained urine, give rise to the formation of stone, on account of the slimy character of the deposit produced. Stone is formed in the same way in the bladder as sediments are ultimately deposited from clear and transparent water at the bottom of a new pitcher which contains it. As the wind and lightning jointly condense the rainwater into hailstones, so the bodily Vayu and Pittam (heat) jointly contribute to the condensation of the Kapham in the bladder and transform it into stone.

The Vayu in the bladder, coursing in its natural downward direction, helps the full and complete emission of urine; while coursing in a contrary direction, it gives rise to various forms of maladies such as, Prameha, strangury, as well as seminal disorders; in short, it produces any urinary trouble to which the bladder may be subjected. 15.

Thus ends the third Chapter of the Nidana Sthanam in the Sushruta Samhita which treats of the Nidanam of urinary calculi.