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 to keep the stock or wooden beam of the anchor, and its place on the shank are next welded on. To do this, the shank is heated, and, at the same time, a thick bar is heated in another forge; the end of this is laid across the shank; and the men hammer it down to weld it to the shank, then the piece is cut off by the chisel, and another piece welded on the opposite side.

Whilst this process of forging the shank is going on, the smiths of another forge, placed as near as convenient to the former, are employed in making the arms, which are made from faggots in the same manner as the shank, but of less size and shorter; they are made taper (see X), one end of each being smaller than the other; the larger ends are made square, and cut down with scarfs (r) to correspond with those (s) at the lower end of the shank. The middle parts of the arms are rounded, and the outer extremities are cut away as much us the thickness of the flukes or palms m, that the palms may be flush with the upper sides when they are welded on. The flukes are generally made at the iron forges in the country, by the forge hammer; but in some yards are made by faggoting small bars, leaving one long one for a handle; when finished they are welded to the arms, which have then the appearance of X.—The next business is to unite the arms to the end of the shank; and, in doing this, particular care is necessary; as the goodness of the anchor is entirely dependent upon its being effectually performed. In so large a weld, the outside is very liable to be welded, and make a good appearance while the middle part is not united; to guard against this, both surfaces of the scarfs should be rather convex, that they may be certain to touch in the middle first. When the other arm is welded, the anchor is complete except the ring, which is made from several small bars welded together, and drawn out into a round rod, then bent to a circle, put through the hole in the shank, and its ends welded together. If the shank or other part is crooked, it is set straight by heating it in the crooked part, and striking it over the anvil, or by the Hercules. After all this, the whole is heated, but not to a white heat, and the anchor hammered in every part, to finish and make its surface even: this is done by lighter hammers worked by both hands, but not swung over the head. This operation renders the surface of the metal hard and smooth; and if very effectually performed, the anchor will not rust materially by the action of the sea water. The hammering is continued till the iron is quite black and almost cold. It is common with some manufacturers, after they have made up the shank, to heat it again, and apply the end of a thin flat bar properly heated upon it; then by turning the large shank round, the bar is wound spirally upon it, so as to form a complete covering to the whole. This method admits of employing a kind of iron, which is less liable to corrosion, but we fear it is sometimes resorted to, to conceal the bad quaIities of the iron of which the anchor is composed.

The iron from which anchors are made ought to be of the best quality; that kind of it which is called red short, will not bear sufficient hammering to weld the bars, and cold short, from its brittleness, is not to be depended upon when the anchor is in use. A good anchor should be formed of the toughest iron that can be procured. (.)

We shall have some farther particulars to mention in regard to anchors, when we come to the article . ANDERSON, a very eminent Mathematician, who flourished in the early part of the seventeenth century. He was born at Aberdeen, but passed over to the Continent, and settled as a private teacher or Professor of Mathematics at Paris, where he published or edited, between the years 1612 and 1619, various Geometrical and Algebraical tracts, which are conspicuous for their ingenuity and elegance. It is doubtful whether he was ever acquainted with the famous Vieta, Master of Requests at Paris, who died in 1603; but his pure taste and skill in mathematical investigation, had pointed him out to the executors of that illustrious man, who had found leisure, in the intervals of a laborious profession, to cultivate and extend the ancient geometry, and by adopting a system of general symbols, to lay the foundation, and begin the superstructure of Algebraical science, as the person most proper for revising and publishing his valuable manuscripts. Anderson did not come forward, however, as a mere editor; he enriched the texts with learned comments, and gave neat demonstrations of those propositions which had been left imperfect. He afterwards produced a specimen of the application of Geometrical Analysis, which is distinguished by its clearness and classic elegance.

Of this able geometer, we are ignorant both of the time of his birth and of his death. His brother, David Anderson, a small proprietor in Aberdeenshire, but engaged in business, had likewise a strong turn for mathematics and mechanics, which, joined to great versatility of talent, made him be regarded by his neighbours at that period as a sort of oracle. The daughter of this clever and active burgess, was married to John Gregory, minister of Drumoak, in that county, father to the celebrated James Gregory, inventor of the reflecting telescope, and is supposed to have communicated to her children that taste for mathematical learning which afterwards shone forth so remarkably in the family of the Gregorys.

The works of Anderson amount to six thin quarto volumes, which are now very scarce. These are:

🇬🇷:  Rh