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 and pheasants, to multiply, they will eat up our food." I might reply—it is only by the care and provision and defence of man that they do so multiply. But we have a right to postpone all reply to this objection, until we see the predicted danger become urgent.

Again: "What shall we do for wool and leather, if animals are not to be killed?" Great national changes are slow, and in long time an abundance of substitutes for wool and hides will be found. Besides, when flesh is not wanted, but only wool and milk, numerous flocks will be kept to supply these articles only. Indeed, for wool poor lands suffice, and the wool from them is of finer quallty. It is attested that the finest wool has in Norfolk become very scarce, because of the effort to fatten up the sheep and get more meat from them.

Again: "How can the land be cultivated without the manure which the animals yield?" It suffices to ask the objector whether he believes that the animals can yield to the earth other elements, or more in quantity, than the vegetable substance which they have taken out of it: if not, his objection fails to the ground at once. But, besides, at present much of our strongest and most valuable manures is wasted. An entire reconstruction of our industrial economy, is required, and will take place. Our knowledge of botany is ever on the increase, and we shall learn far better than now how to afford to each plant its specific food.

Some persons, to justify feeding on flesh, contend that the sum total of animal pleasure is thereby promoted, since it encourages the breed of gregarious animals. But when we consider how miserably many of them are cooped up or mutilated, and subjected to disease, privation, and suffering, besides that which is incident to their death by human hands, the preponderance, whether of pain or pleasure, becomes (I think) too difficult for us to settle. Moreover, it may be maintained that if we bring animals into existence, it is unjust to abridge their liberty, destroy their instincts, and hinder their natural pleasures. But the whole argument is superfluous to such a nation as England; inasmuch as the number of these animals is a hindrance to the increase of human population. It will hereafter be proved that by cultivating for crops our best grass lands, and living on a vegetable diet, we could support a far larger mass of human beings—an object much more worthy of our attention than to promote the total mass of brute enjoyment.

I shall conclude this part of the subject with the excellent address of an ancient and distinguished priest of India:—"Children of the Sun, listen to the dying advice of your faithful and affectionate instructor, who hastens to the bosom of the great God to give an account, and to enjoy the expected rewards of his services! Your regimen ought to be simple and inartificial. Drink only the pure, simple water. It is the beverage of nature,