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 944 GERMANY : — BAVARIA

81 deaneries, and 1,154 parishes. Of the three universities of the Republic, two, at Munich and Wiirzburg, are Roman Catholic, and one, at Brlangen, Protestant.

Instruction, — (For Universities, see under Germany.) Education compulsory from six to sixteen. In 1913-14 there were 7,534 elementary schools (public and private), with 19,564 teachers (14,185 male, 5,379 female), and 1,091,884 pupils. The year's expenditure on the public schools (7,727) was 3,167,653?. There were 2 agricultural schools, with 329 pupils.

Justice, Crime, and Pauperism. — Bavaria is the only German State which before the revolution had an Oberstcs Landesgerickt. or appeal-court intervening between the Oberlandesgerichte and the Reichsgericht ; it has a bench of 22 judges. Under it are 5 Oberlandesgerichte, 28 Landgerichte and 266 Amtsgerichte. The number of judges was (1917) 1,385. In 1917, 66,263 criminals were convicted.

Finance. — The ordinary budget for the year 1920 balanced at 1,954,238,368 marks, and the extraordinary budget balanced at 809,704,315 marks.

Debt, January 1, 1919, 2,559,687,077 marks, of which 1,951,425,700 marks are railway debt.

Production and Industry. — Of the total area, nearly one-half is under cultivation, one-sixth under grass, and one-third under forests.

The areas under the chief crops, and the yield in 1919, were as follows : —

Wheat, 659,982 acres (vield 266,822 metric tons) ; rye, 1,135,622 acres (441,130 tons) ; oats, 1,076,032 acres (581,142 tons) ; potatoes, 690,347 acres (1,619,141 tons). Vines (1919), 43,782 acres, yielding 10,014,290 gallons ; 18,405 acres under hops yielded 450 metric tons.

The census of live-stock at September 1, 1919, showed 348,634 horses, 3,684,626 cattle, 712,628 sheep, 1,430,797 pigs, and 442,453 goats.

In 1918 the output of coal was 2,438,391 metric tons ; iron ore, 436,961 tons ; pig iron, 172,906 tons ; cast iron wares, 135,534 tons; sulphuric acid, 126,927 tons.

The quantity of beer brewed in 1918 was 225,790,664 gallons. In 1917-18, the distilleries produced 2,045,164 gallons of alcohol.

In 1917 there were 384 savings banks, with 1,677,632 depositors having to their credit 988,188,737 mark's.

References.

Hof- und Staats-Handbuch fur Bayern. Munich.

Statistisches Jahrbuch fiir Bayern. Munich.

Batdeker'i Southern Germany. 10th ed. Leipzig, 1907.

Doe6eri(M.X K.ntwicklungsgesehichte Bayerns. Berlin, 1916.

Roertler (C), Haudbuch zur Gebiets- und Ortskunde des Konigreichs Bayenu 4. Munich, 1895. '

Luebeck (J .), Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung Bayerns und die Verwaltung von Handel, Industrie und Gewerbe. Munich, 1919.

Piloty (R.) (Editor), Die Verfassungskunde des Konigreichs Bayern. 8. Munich, 1895.

Pohl (C.), Handbuch des Staats- und Verwaltungsrccht f. d. Konigreich Bayern. Munich, 1000.

Riezler (8.), Geschichte Bayerns. 4 vols. Leipzig, 1898.