Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1921.djvu/991

 STATES OF GERMANY — ANHALT — BADEN*

STATES OP GERMANY.

Statistics of area, population, births, deaths, marriages, emigration, primary schools, universities, and railways are given collectively for all the German States nnder the head of Germany.

ANHALT.

I AT ANHAT/T.)

The Constitution of the Free State of Anhalt bears date July 18. 1919. The Diet is elected by the people for 3 years, and the Government is in the hands of a State Council composed of 5 members, whose chairmau bears the title of President.

Area, 888 square miles. Population, 1919, 331,258. The capital, Dessau, 57,6f>8 inhabitants in 1919; Bernburg, 83,724; C-ithen, 23,410 ; Zerbst, 19.210 ; Rosslau, 11,354. Population mostly Protestant (1910), 12,755 Catholics, 1,383 Jews.

Estimated income and expenditure, 1920-21, 62,285,300 marks. Public debt, June 30, 1919, 68,765,266 marks ; State property, June, 1919, 64,910,689 marks.

BADEN.

(Rkpublik Baden.)

Until 1771, Baden was a Margraviate divided into two or more lines : it was then united, and subsequently received various additions, and its ruler took the title of Elector in 1803, and of Grand-duke in 1806. On November 22, 1918, the Grand-duke abdicated, and the Provisional Govern- ment proclaimed Baden a Republic. .

Constitution. — The Constitution of the Republic of Baden was deter- mined by the National Assembly which met on January 15, 1919, and which was elected on the basis of equal, secret, direct, universal suffrage (with proportional representation) of all males and females over 20 years of age. According to this Constitution of March 21, 1919, the Free State of Baden is a Republic and a component state of Germany. All privileges of birth, religion, and caste are abolished. Women enjoy the same rights as men and are eligible for all public offices. There is no State or established church, but religion is taught in all schools. The right of combining is granted to all citizens, including civil servants. The Initiative and Referendum have been adopted, as also proportional representation. The suffrage is granted to all adults, male and female, who are over 21 years of age. There is only one Chamber (Landtag), the members of which are elected for 4 years. Qualified electors over 25 years of age are eligible as members of the Chamber. No fixed number of seats has been provided for, but generally one member is allocated for each 10,000 voters. The present Landtag, elected on January 15, 1919, will continue until October 15, 1921. Its membership numbers 107, distributed as follows : — Centre, 39 ; Majority Socialists, 36 ; German Democratic Party, 25 ; Conservatives, 7.

The Cabinet consists of 5 Ministers and 4 State Councillors (Ministers without portfolio), elected by the legislature. The Landtag also nominates the President of the Cabinet, who is styled .officially ' State President.'