Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1921.djvu/961

 MARTINIQUE — ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON 909

a secondary school at Cayenne, which has also a local museum and a library. The bullet for 1918 amounted to 3,490,000 francs, receipts and expenses. There is little agriculture in the colony ; only about 8,800 acres are under cultivation. The crops consist of rice, maize, manioc, cocoa, coffee, sugar- cane, indigo, tobacco, and gutta percha. The most important industry is gold-mining (placer) ; the quantity of gold declared produced was, in 1915, 120,714 oz. ; in 1916, 109,090 oz, ; in 1917, 95,454 ox.; in 1918, 80,477,oz. Silver, iron, and phosphates are also worked. The exports consist of cocoa, hates, Tarious woods, gold, rosewood essence, and hides. The total imports in 1918 were valued at 15.308,526 francs, and the exports at 15,321,697 francs. There are three ports — Cayenne, Saint- Lauren t-du- Maroni, and Oyapoc. Cayenne is visited once a month by a cargo boat of the Compagnie General Transat'.antique. There is also steamboat communication between the capital and the other towns and with the neighbouring colonies. There are three chief and many secondary roads connecting the capital with various centres of population in the interior.

Since 1855 Guiana has had a penal settlement for habitual criminals and convicts sentenced to hard labour. On December 31, 1918, the penal popu- laton consisted of 2,634 transported and 6 undergoing seclusion ; 1,217 relegues, and 2,179 freed.

The Bank of Guiana, under Government control, with a capital of 600,000 francs, with statutory reserve fund amounting to 300,000 francs, advances loans for agricultural and other purp-

MARTINIQUZ. The colony is under a Governor, a General Council, and elective municipal councils. It is represented by a senator and two deputies. Area 385 square miles, divided into 31 communes ; population in 1916, 193,057. The military force (1919) consists of one company of infantry and a battery of artillery. There is (1919) a law school (at Fort -de- France) with 56 students ; a lycee for boys, with 652 pupils ; a high school for girls with 815 pupils ; primary schools, with 21,037 pupils (including 7 private schools); a commercial school, and a school of arts and crafts (93 pupils). Chief commercial town, .Fort-de- France (population, 26,399). The budget for 1919 balanced at 10,314,361 francs. Sugar, rum, and cocoa are the chief productions, then come coffee, tobacco, and cotton. There are 15,000 hectares under the food- producing crops. Tobacco culture is under special regulations. There are 15 sugar works, 126 rum distilleries, and other industrial establishments. In 1919 sugar to the value of 8,286,286 francs, rum to the value of 144,564,893 francs, and cocoa to the value of 1,996,000 francs were ex- ported. The total imports in 1919 were valued at 74,670,266 francs, and the exports at 172.70.1,720 francs. Vessels entered in 1919, 766 of 341,206 tons : vessels cleared, 788 of 378,260 tons. The island is visited regularly by the steamers of French and American companies. For local traffic there are subsidised mail coaches and motor-cars ; and subsidised steamers ply on the coast. The colony is in telegraphic communication with the rest of the world by telegraph cables. The Bank of Martinique at Fort-de- France with a capital of 3,000,000 francs, and a branch of the Kuyal Lank of Canada advances loans for agricultural and other purposes.

ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON. The largest islands of two small groups close to the south coast of New- foundland. Area of St. Pierre group, 10 sq. miles; population in 1911, 4,209 ; area of Miquelon group, 83 sq. miles ; population, 443 ; total area, 93 sq. miles; total population, 4,652. Since May, 1906, an Administrator