Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1921.djvu/864

 812 ICETAND

Jeafireson (J. R.), The Faroe Islands. London, 1897.

De Lannuy (C), et Vander Linden (H.), Histoire de l'Expansion Coloniale des Peuples Europeens. Vol. II. Netherlands and Denmark. Brussels. 1911.

Leach (H. G.), Scandinavia and the Scandinavians. London, 1915.

Matzen, Danmarks Statsforfatnings, Ac. Ret. I.— III. Kjobenhavn, 1898-1901.

liaurer (K.), Zur politischen Geschichte Islands. Leipzig, 1680.

Murray'* Handbook for Denmark and Iceland, 6th ed. London, 1904.

Nantcn (F.), The First Orossing of Greenland. London, 1891.— Eskimo Life. London, 1893.

Nationalokonomisk Tidsskrift. Periodical. Kjobenhavn.

Nyholm (C. C. V.), Grundtraek af Danmarks Statsforvaltning. Copenhagen, 1893.

Otti{TS>. C.), Denmark and Iceland. London, 1881. Scandinavian History. London, 1874.

Seott (D. H.), Sportsman's and Tourist's Guide to Iceland. 8th edition. Leith. 19C6.

Seignobot (C.), A Political History of Contemporary Europe 1814-1896. 2 vols. From the French.] London, 1900.

Sellers (Edith), The Danish Poor Relief System. London. 1904.

Sidgwiek (C. S.), The Story of Denmark. London, 1890.

Stareke, Olrik, and CarUen, Le Danemark. Paris, 1900.

Stefamton (Jon.), Denmark and Sweden, with Iceland and Finland. (Story of the Nations.) London, 1916.

Stefantion (V.), My Life with the Eskimos. London, 1913.

Thomat (Margaret), Denmark Past and Present. London, 1902.

Weitemeyer (H.), and Trap (T. P.), Statistisk-topographisk BesKrivelse af Kongeriget. Danmark. 4th ed. 5 vols. Kjobenhavn.

Weitemeyer (H.), Danemark ; Geschichte und Beschreibung. (Of this there is an English translation. London, 1891.)

ICELAND.

(ISLAND.)

Reigning King.

Iceland is united with Denmark by a personal bond of union under the government of King Christian X. \su Denmark).

Between 930 and 1264 Iceland was an independent republic, but by the 'Old Treaty' of 1263 the country recognised the rule of the King of Norway. In 1381, Iceland, together with Norway, came under the rule of the Danish Kings, but when Norway was separated from Denmark in 1814, Iceland remained under the rule of Denmark. Since December 1, 1918, it has been acknowledged as a sovereign State, and is united with Donmark only through the identity of the Sovereign.

King Christian X. has as King of Iceland a civil list of 60,000 kroner.

Constitution and Government.— By the Act of Union of November 30, 1918, Iceland is temporarily united with Denmark in certain affaiis beyond the King's person.

According to the Act of Union, Denmark and Iceland are free, sovereign States, united by one King and by the agreement comprised in the Union Act The order of succession is not to be altered without the assent of both States In Iceland, Danish citizens enjoy the same rights as Icelandic citizens and in Denmark the latter enjoy the same rights as Danish citizens. Hut citizens of either of the States are exempt from military service in the other. Danish goods and products in Iceland and Icelandic goods and products in Denmark treated no less favourably than those of any other country. Denmark takes charge of the foreign affairs of Iceland, and if Iceland so dasires it, special Icelandic attaches or experts on Icelandic conditions may be appointed to Danish embassies and consulates, the expenses arising out of such appointments to be borne by Iceland.