Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1921.djvu/769

 JUSTICE AND CRIME — FINANCE

717

Justice and Crime.

There is a supreme Federal court of Justice at Rio de Janeiro ; »nd Federal judges in each State. Justice is administered in the States in accordance with State law, by State courts, but in Rio de Janeiro Federal Justice is administered. Judges are appointed for life. There are also municipal magistrates and justices of the peace, who are elected for four years, and whose chief function is to settle cases up to a certain amount.

A new Civil Code came into force on January I, 1917. Among the most important subjects covered by the code are those referring to legal capacity ; the registration of births, marriages, and deaths ; juristic persons and or- ganisations ; domicile ; real and personal property ; homestead (a new insti- tution in Brazilian law) ; legal acts ; domestic relations ; copyright (which was formerly very deficieut) ; mortgages ; contracts ; wills and the administra- tion of estates. Extensive commentaries are being prepared by eminent jurists on this important piece of legislation.

Finance.

Revenue and expenditure (gold milreis=2». 3d.; paper milreis =1*. Import duties form the principal source of revenue.

Revenue

Expenditure

1917 1918 1919

1920 1

1921 1

(Gold)

£

7,452,631

11,502,190

9,000,789

(Gold)

12,302.093

4,260,713 S.041,369 3,614,01 D

(Paper)

£ 34,961,351

34,269,933 39,971.905 47,442,666

1 Estimates.

The principal items of revenue aud expenditure for 1921 were estimated as follows : —

Revenue

I ini>ort duties, etc. Consumption taxes. Circulation taxes Industrial revenue. Extraordinary

Gold

milreis

Paper

milreis

90,935,000 I 92,800,000 — 171.740,000 ,000 106.500,000 ,000 141,751,000

50,1

2,020,000 j 49,721,000

Expenditure

Ministry of Justice and Internal Affairs

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Ministry of Marine

Ministry of War

Ministry of Agri culture

Ministry of Trans rortation and Public Works

Ministry of Fi- nance

Total (all sources) 102,005,000 ,624,761,000 Total expenditure

Gold milreis

Paper

milreis

3,177,000 ' 69,875,000

1,577,000

800,000

1,700 000

088,000

$67 J* ,•18,000

963,000 | 39,189,000

14,367 £088,1

188

251,151 318,000

75,680,000 TU, 640,000

The consolidated foreign debt of Brazil on December 81, 1919, amounted to 103,292,034/. and 322,249,500 francs. The former sum is made up of