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 COMMERCE AND TRANSPORTATION — REFERENCES 513

barrels), valued at 8,591, 990dollars. From California comes all of the borax produced in the United States. The output in 1919 was 66,791 short tons, valued at 1,717,192 dollars. The State also produced pyrite, 146,024 short tons (540,300 dollars) ; salt, 633,994 tons (896,963 dollars) ; mineral waters, 2,233,842 gallons (340,117 dollars); magnesite, 44,696 short tons, value 452,094 dollars. Bismuth, asbestos, manganese, lithium, tungsten, chro- mium, infusorial earth, ochre, and a great variety of precious stones are fonnd in the State. In 1919 there were 50 different mineral substances, exclusive of a segregation of the various stones grouped under Gems. The value of all the minerals produced in 1918 was 199,753,837 dollars; in 1919, 196,473,560 dollars.

In California in 1910 there were 7,659 manufacturing establishments with an aggregate capital of 537, 134, 000 dollars, employing 18,203 salaried officials and 115,296 wage-earners, using materials costing 325,238,000 dollars, and giving an output worth 529,761,000 dollars. Statistics of the more important industries are given in Thk Statesman's Year-Book for 1916, p. 494.

The coast and river fisheries are important, giving employment to 5,000 persons. A year's catch is thirty to forty million pounds, worth about 4,00C,000 dollars. Salmon is the most valuable variety of fish taken, but as many as one hundred and thirty different varieties of fish are found in the markets of San Francisco.

Commerce and Transportation. — The chief commercial port of

California is San FranHseo, through which in 1919 the imports amounted to the value of 238,027,065 dollars, and the exports to 240,517,739 dollars.

Railways have been built in California to the extent of 8,855 miles (1919) for steam roads and about 2,715 miles (1919) for electric railways. San Francisco is now the terminus of three trans-continental railways.

In Septemh-r, 1920. there were 106 savings banks in the State, and 227 savings departments of departmental banks with 1,459,058 depositors who had to their credit 855,355,090 dollars, being an average of 586 dollars to each depositor.

British ConauUOencral at San Francisco. — A. C. Ross, C. B.

British Consul. — Wellesley Moore.

There are British Vice-Consuls at San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego.

Books of Reference.

Reports of the various departments of State Government. California Blue Book. Sacramento.

Sia istical Reports of the California State Board of Agriculture, Sacramento.

Reports of the Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco. 8*n Francisco.

Atherton (Gvrtrr.de). California: an Intimate History. London, 1914.

A<i*tin (Mat] ) and Palmer (Sutton), California : the Land of the 8un. London, 1914.

Chapman (C. E.), The Founding ot Spanish CatUbTOta. New York, 1916. <t (J. Sineaton) California dast Trails. London. 1H13.

Cowan (R. E.), A Bibliography of the History o! California. San Francisco, 1914.

Drury (Aubrey and Wells), California Tourist Guide and Handbook, Berkeley, 1913.

HittiU (T. H.). History of California. 8an Francisco, 1885-95.

Johnt^n (A. T.), California. An Englishman's Impressions of the Golden State London, 1913.

Riehman (I B.), California Under Spain and Mexico. New York, 1911.

Roye«(.\ ), California. [In 'American Commonwealth' Series.] Boston, 1J86.

Saundtri (C. F.), Under the Sky in California. Condon, 1914.

Wood (Ruth K.), The Tourists' California. New York, 1914.